Commit c49957dbe8

Andrew Kelley <andrew@ziglang.org>
2023-12-15 02:47:58
fix a round of compile errors caused by this branch
1 parent f54471b
src/arch/aarch64/CodeGen.zig
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ pub fn generate(
     assert(fn_owner_decl.has_tv);
     const fn_type = fn_owner_decl.ty;
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(fn_owner_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
     var branch_stack = std.ArrayList(Branch).init(gpa);
     defer {
@@ -6343,14 +6343,14 @@ fn wantSafety(self: *Self) bool {
 fn fail(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
 fn failSymbol(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
src/arch/aarch64/Emit.zig
@@ -218,14 +218,16 @@ pub fn emitMir(
 }
 
 pub fn deinit(emit: *Emit) void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     var iter = emit.branch_forward_origins.valueIterator();
     while (iter.next()) |origin_list| {
-        origin_list.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
+        origin_list.deinit(gpa);
     }
 
-    emit.branch_types.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
-    emit.branch_forward_origins.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
-    emit.code_offset_mapping.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
+    emit.branch_types.deinit(gpa);
+    emit.branch_forward_origins.deinit(gpa);
+    emit.code_offset_mapping.deinit(gpa);
     emit.* = undefined;
 }
 
@@ -314,8 +316,9 @@ fn branchTarget(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) Mir.Inst.Index {
 }
 
 fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const mir_tags = emit.mir.instructions.items(.tag);
-    const allocator = emit.bin_file.allocator;
 
     // First pass: Note down all branches and their target
     // instructions, i.e. populate branch_types,
@@ -329,7 +332,7 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             const target_inst = emit.branchTarget(inst);
 
             // Remember this branch instruction
-            try emit.branch_types.put(allocator, inst, BranchType.default(tag));
+            try emit.branch_types.put(gpa, inst, BranchType.default(tag));
 
             // Forward branches require some extra stuff: We only
             // know their offset once we arrive at the target
@@ -339,14 +342,14 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             // etc.
             if (target_inst > inst) {
                 // Remember the branch instruction index
-                try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(allocator, inst, 0);
+                try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(gpa, inst, 0);
 
                 if (emit.branch_forward_origins.getPtr(target_inst)) |origin_list| {
-                    try origin_list.append(allocator, inst);
+                    try origin_list.append(gpa, inst);
                 } else {
                     var origin_list: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Mir.Inst.Index) = .{};
-                    try origin_list.append(allocator, inst);
-                    try emit.branch_forward_origins.put(allocator, target_inst, origin_list);
+                    try origin_list.append(gpa, inst);
+                    try emit.branch_forward_origins.put(gpa, target_inst, origin_list);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -356,7 +359,7 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             // putNoClobber may not be used as the put operation
             // may clobber the entry when multiple branches branch
             // to the same target instruction
-            try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(allocator, target_inst, 0);
+            try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(gpa, target_inst, 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -429,7 +432,9 @@ fn writeInstruction(emit: *Emit, instruction: Instruction) !void {
 fn fail(emit: *Emit, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(emit.err_msg == null);
-    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(emit.bin_file.allocator, emit.src_loc, format, args);
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, emit.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.EmitFail;
 }
 
src/arch/arm/CodeGen.zig
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ pub fn generate(
     assert(fn_owner_decl.has_tv);
     const fn_type = fn_owner_decl.ty;
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(fn_owner_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
     var branch_stack = std.ArrayList(Branch).init(gpa);
     defer {
@@ -6292,14 +6292,16 @@ fn wantSafety(self: *Self) bool {
 fn fail(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    const gpa = self.gpa;
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
 fn failSymbol(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    const gpa = self.gpa;
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
src/arch/arm/Emit.zig
@@ -152,14 +152,17 @@ pub fn emitMir(
 }
 
 pub fn deinit(emit: *Emit) void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+
     var iter = emit.branch_forward_origins.valueIterator();
     while (iter.next()) |origin_list| {
-        origin_list.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
+        origin_list.deinit(gpa);
     }
 
-    emit.branch_types.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
-    emit.branch_forward_origins.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
-    emit.code_offset_mapping.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
+    emit.branch_types.deinit(gpa);
+    emit.branch_forward_origins.deinit(gpa);
+    emit.code_offset_mapping.deinit(gpa);
     emit.* = undefined;
 }
 
@@ -231,8 +234,9 @@ fn branchTarget(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) Mir.Inst.Index {
 }
 
 fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const mir_tags = emit.mir.instructions.items(.tag);
-    const allocator = emit.bin_file.allocator;
 
     // First pass: Note down all branches and their target
     // instructions, i.e. populate branch_types,
@@ -246,7 +250,7 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             const target_inst = emit.branchTarget(inst);
 
             // Remember this branch instruction
-            try emit.branch_types.put(allocator, inst, BranchType.default(tag));
+            try emit.branch_types.put(gpa, inst, BranchType.default(tag));
 
             // Forward branches require some extra stuff: We only
             // know their offset once we arrive at the target
@@ -256,14 +260,14 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             // etc.
             if (target_inst > inst) {
                 // Remember the branch instruction index
-                try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(allocator, inst, 0);
+                try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(gpa, inst, 0);
 
                 if (emit.branch_forward_origins.getPtr(target_inst)) |origin_list| {
-                    try origin_list.append(allocator, inst);
+                    try origin_list.append(gpa, inst);
                 } else {
                     var origin_list: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Mir.Inst.Index) = .{};
-                    try origin_list.append(allocator, inst);
-                    try emit.branch_forward_origins.put(allocator, target_inst, origin_list);
+                    try origin_list.append(gpa, inst);
+                    try emit.branch_forward_origins.put(gpa, target_inst, origin_list);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -273,7 +277,7 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             // putNoClobber may not be used as the put operation
             // may clobber the entry when multiple branches branch
             // to the same target instruction
-            try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(allocator, target_inst, 0);
+            try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(gpa, target_inst, 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -346,7 +350,9 @@ fn writeInstruction(emit: *Emit, instruction: Instruction) !void {
 fn fail(emit: *Emit, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(emit.err_msg == null);
-    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(emit.bin_file.allocator, emit.src_loc, format, args);
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, emit.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.EmitFail;
 }
 
src/arch/riscv64/CodeGen.zig
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ pub fn generate(
     assert(fn_owner_decl.has_tv);
     const fn_type = fn_owner_decl.ty;
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(fn_owner_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
     var branch_stack = std.ArrayList(Branch).init(gpa);
     defer {
@@ -2719,14 +2719,14 @@ fn wantSafety(self: *Self) bool {
 fn fail(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
 fn failSymbol(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
src/arch/riscv64/Emit.zig
@@ -80,7 +80,9 @@ fn writeInstruction(emit: *Emit, instruction: Instruction) !void {
 fn fail(emit: *Emit, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(emit.err_msg == null);
-    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(emit.bin_file.allocator, emit.src_loc, format, args);
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, emit.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.EmitFail;
 }
 
src/arch/sparc64/CodeGen.zig
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ pub fn generate(
     assert(fn_owner_decl.has_tv);
     const fn_type = fn_owner_decl.ty;
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(fn_owner_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = &namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
     var branch_stack = std.ArrayList(Branch).init(gpa);
     defer {
@@ -3546,7 +3546,8 @@ fn errUnionPayload(self: *Self, error_union_mcv: MCValue, error_union_ty: Type)
 fn fail(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    const gpa = self.gpa;
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
src/arch/sparc64/Emit.zig
@@ -152,14 +152,16 @@ pub fn emitMir(
 }
 
 pub fn deinit(emit: *Emit) void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     var iter = emit.branch_forward_origins.valueIterator();
     while (iter.next()) |origin_list| {
-        origin_list.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
+        origin_list.deinit(gpa);
     }
 
-    emit.branch_types.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
-    emit.branch_forward_origins.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
-    emit.code_offset_mapping.deinit(emit.bin_file.allocator);
+    emit.branch_types.deinit(gpa);
+    emit.branch_forward_origins.deinit(gpa);
+    emit.code_offset_mapping.deinit(gpa);
     emit.* = undefined;
 }
 
@@ -511,7 +513,9 @@ fn dbgAdvancePCAndLine(emit: *Emit, line: u32, column: u32) !void {
 fn fail(emit: *Emit, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(emit.err_msg == null);
-    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(emit.bin_file.allocator, emit.src_loc, format, args);
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    emit.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, emit.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.EmitFail;
 }
 
@@ -537,8 +541,9 @@ fn isBranch(tag: Mir.Inst.Tag) bool {
 }
 
 fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const mir_tags = emit.mir.instructions.items(.tag);
-    const allocator = emit.bin_file.allocator;
 
     // First pass: Note down all branches and their target
     // instructions, i.e. populate branch_types,
@@ -552,7 +557,7 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             const target_inst = emit.branchTarget(inst);
 
             // Remember this branch instruction
-            try emit.branch_types.put(allocator, inst, BranchType.default(tag));
+            try emit.branch_types.put(gpa, inst, BranchType.default(tag));
 
             // Forward branches require some extra stuff: We only
             // know their offset once we arrive at the target
@@ -562,14 +567,14 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             // etc.
             if (target_inst > inst) {
                 // Remember the branch instruction index
-                try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(allocator, inst, 0);
+                try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(gpa, inst, 0);
 
                 if (emit.branch_forward_origins.getPtr(target_inst)) |origin_list| {
-                    try origin_list.append(allocator, inst);
+                    try origin_list.append(gpa, inst);
                 } else {
                     var origin_list: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Mir.Inst.Index) = .{};
-                    try origin_list.append(allocator, inst);
-                    try emit.branch_forward_origins.put(allocator, target_inst, origin_list);
+                    try origin_list.append(gpa, inst);
+                    try emit.branch_forward_origins.put(gpa, target_inst, origin_list);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -579,7 +584,7 @@ fn lowerBranches(emit: *Emit) !void {
             // putNoClobber may not be used as the put operation
             // may clobber the entry when multiple branches branch
             // to the same target instruction
-            try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(allocator, target_inst, 0);
+            try emit.code_offset_mapping.put(gpa, target_inst, 0);
         }
     }
 
src/arch/wasm/CodeGen.zig
@@ -1210,13 +1210,15 @@ pub fn generate(
     debug_output: codegen.DebugInfoOutput,
 ) codegen.CodeGenError!codegen.Result {
     _ = src_loc;
-    const mod = bin_file.comp.module.?;
+    const comp = bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    const mod = comp.module.?;
     const func = mod.funcInfo(func_index);
     const decl = mod.declPtr(func.owner_decl);
     const namespace = mod.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     var code_gen: CodeGen = .{
-        .gpa = bin_file.allocator,
+        .gpa = gpa,
         .air = air,
         .liveness = liveness,
         .code = code,
@@ -7731,7 +7733,7 @@ fn airFence(func: *CodeGen, inst: Air.Inst.Index) InnerError!void {
     // Only when the atomic feature is enabled, and we're not building
     // for a single-threaded build, can we emit the `fence` instruction.
     // In all other cases, we emit no instructions for a fence.
-    const func_namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(zcu.declPtr(func.decl).namespace);
+    const func_namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(func.decl.src_namespace);
     const single_threaded = func_namespace.file_scope.mod.single_threaded;
     if (func.useAtomicFeature() and !single_threaded) {
         try func.addAtomicTag(.atomic_fence);
src/arch/wasm/Emit.zig
@@ -254,8 +254,10 @@ fn offset(self: Emit) u32 {
 fn fail(emit: *Emit, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     std.debug.assert(emit.error_msg == null);
-    const mod = emit.bin_file.base.comp.module.?;
-    emit.error_msg = try Module.ErrorMsg.create(emit.bin_file.base.allocator, mod.declPtr(emit.decl_index).srcLoc(mod), format, args);
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.base.comp;
+    const zcu = comp.module.?;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    emit.error_msg = try Module.ErrorMsg.create(gpa, zcu.declPtr(emit.decl_index).srcLoc(zcu), format, args);
     return error.EmitFail;
 }
 
@@ -299,6 +301,8 @@ fn emitLabel(emit: *Emit, tag: Mir.Inst.Tag, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
 }
 
 fn emitGlobal(emit: *Emit, tag: Mir.Inst.Tag, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const label = emit.mir.instructions.items(.data)[inst].label;
     try emit.code.append(@intFromEnum(tag));
     var buf: [5]u8 = undefined;
@@ -308,7 +312,7 @@ fn emitGlobal(emit: *Emit, tag: Mir.Inst.Tag, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
 
     const atom_index = emit.bin_file.decls.get(emit.decl_index).?;
     const atom = emit.bin_file.getAtomPtr(atom_index);
-    try atom.relocs.append(emit.bin_file.base.allocator, .{
+    try atom.relocs.append(gpa, .{
         .index = label,
         .offset = global_offset,
         .relocation_type = .R_WASM_GLOBAL_INDEX_LEB,
@@ -356,6 +360,8 @@ fn encodeMemArg(mem_arg: Mir.MemArg, writer: anytype) !void {
 }
 
 fn emitCall(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const label = emit.mir.instructions.items(.data)[inst].label;
     try emit.code.append(std.wasm.opcode(.call));
     const call_offset = emit.offset();
@@ -366,7 +372,7 @@ fn emitCall(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
     if (label != 0) {
         const atom_index = emit.bin_file.decls.get(emit.decl_index).?;
         const atom = emit.bin_file.getAtomPtr(atom_index);
-        try atom.relocs.append(emit.bin_file.base.allocator, .{
+        try atom.relocs.append(gpa, .{
             .offset = call_offset,
             .index = label,
             .relocation_type = .R_WASM_FUNCTION_INDEX_LEB,
@@ -384,6 +390,8 @@ fn emitCallIndirect(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
 }
 
 fn emitFunctionIndex(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const symbol_index = emit.mir.instructions.items(.data)[inst].label;
     try emit.code.append(std.wasm.opcode(.i32_const));
     const index_offset = emit.offset();
@@ -394,7 +402,7 @@ fn emitFunctionIndex(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
     if (symbol_index != 0) {
         const atom_index = emit.bin_file.decls.get(emit.decl_index).?;
         const atom = emit.bin_file.getAtomPtr(atom_index);
-        try atom.relocs.append(emit.bin_file.base.allocator, .{
+        try atom.relocs.append(gpa, .{
             .offset = index_offset,
             .index = symbol_index,
             .relocation_type = .R_WASM_TABLE_INDEX_SLEB,
@@ -406,7 +414,9 @@ fn emitMemAddress(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
     const extra_index = emit.mir.instructions.items(.data)[inst].payload;
     const mem = emit.mir.extraData(Mir.Memory, extra_index).data;
     const mem_offset = emit.offset() + 1;
-    const target = emit.bin_file.comp.root_mod.resolved_target.result;
+    const comp = emit.bin_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    const target = comp.root_mod.resolved_target.result;
     const is_wasm32 = target.cpu.arch == .wasm32;
     if (is_wasm32) {
         try emit.code.append(std.wasm.opcode(.i32_const));
@@ -423,7 +433,7 @@ fn emitMemAddress(emit: *Emit, inst: Mir.Inst.Index) !void {
     if (mem.pointer != 0) {
         const atom_index = emit.bin_file.decls.get(emit.decl_index).?;
         const atom = emit.bin_file.getAtomPtr(atom_index);
-        try atom.relocs.append(emit.bin_file.base.allocator, .{
+        try atom.relocs.append(gpa, .{
             .offset = mem_offset,
             .index = mem.pointer,
             .relocation_type = if (is_wasm32) .R_WASM_MEMORY_ADDR_LEB else .R_WASM_MEMORY_ADDR_LEB64,
src/arch/x86_64/CodeGen.zig
@@ -795,15 +795,16 @@ pub fn generate(
     code: *std.ArrayList(u8),
     debug_output: DebugInfoOutput,
 ) CodeGenError!Result {
-    const mod = bin_file.comp.module.?;
+    const comp = bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    const mod = comp.module.?;
     const func = mod.funcInfo(func_index);
     const fn_owner_decl = mod.declPtr(func.owner_decl);
     assert(fn_owner_decl.has_tv);
     const fn_type = fn_owner_decl.ty;
     const namespace = mod.namespacePtr(fn_owner_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
-    const gpa = bin_file.allocator;
     var function = Self{
         .gpa = gpa,
         .air = air,
@@ -860,7 +861,7 @@ pub fn generate(
         error.CodegenFail => return Result{ .fail = function.err_msg.? },
         error.OutOfRegisters => return Result{
             .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
-                bin_file.allocator,
+                gpa,
                 src_loc,
                 "CodeGen ran out of registers. This is a bug in the Zig compiler.",
                 .{},
@@ -904,22 +905,22 @@ pub fn generate(
     function.gen() catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.CodegenFail => return Result{ .fail = function.err_msg.? },
         error.OutOfRegisters => return Result{
-            .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(bin_file.allocator, src_loc, "CodeGen ran out of registers. This is a bug in the Zig compiler.", .{}),
+            .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, src_loc, "CodeGen ran out of registers. This is a bug in the Zig compiler.", .{}),
         },
         else => |e| return e,
     };
 
     var mir = Mir{
         .instructions = function.mir_instructions.toOwnedSlice(),
-        .extra = try function.mir_extra.toOwnedSlice(bin_file.allocator),
+        .extra = try function.mir_extra.toOwnedSlice(gpa),
         .frame_locs = function.frame_locs.toOwnedSlice(),
     };
-    defer mir.deinit(bin_file.allocator);
+    defer mir.deinit(gpa);
 
     var emit = Emit{
         .lower = .{
             .bin_file = bin_file,
-            .allocator = bin_file.allocator,
+            .allocator = gpa,
             .mir = mir,
             .cc = cc,
             .src_loc = src_loc,
@@ -940,7 +941,7 @@ pub fn generate(
             };
             return Result{
                 .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
-                    bin_file.allocator,
+                    gpa,
                     src_loc,
                     "{s} This is a bug in the Zig compiler.",
                     .{msg},
@@ -964,12 +965,13 @@ pub fn generateLazy(
     code: *std.ArrayList(u8),
     debug_output: DebugInfoOutput,
 ) CodeGenError!Result {
-    const gpa = bin_file.allocator;
-    const zcu = bin_file.comp.module.?;
+    const comp = bin_file.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    const zcu = comp.module.?;
     const decl_index = lazy_sym.ty.getOwnerDecl(zcu);
     const decl = zcu.declPtr(decl_index);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     var function = Self{
         .gpa = gpa,
         .air = undefined,
@@ -996,22 +998,22 @@ pub fn generateLazy(
     function.genLazy(lazy_sym) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.CodegenFail => return Result{ .fail = function.err_msg.? },
         error.OutOfRegisters => return Result{
-            .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(bin_file.allocator, src_loc, "CodeGen ran out of registers. This is a bug in the Zig compiler.", .{}),
+            .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, src_loc, "CodeGen ran out of registers. This is a bug in the Zig compiler.", .{}),
         },
         else => |e| return e,
     };
 
     var mir = Mir{
         .instructions = function.mir_instructions.toOwnedSlice(),
-        .extra = try function.mir_extra.toOwnedSlice(bin_file.allocator),
+        .extra = try function.mir_extra.toOwnedSlice(gpa),
         .frame_locs = function.frame_locs.toOwnedSlice(),
     };
-    defer mir.deinit(bin_file.allocator);
+    defer mir.deinit(gpa);
 
     var emit = Emit{
         .lower = .{
             .bin_file = bin_file,
-            .allocator = bin_file.allocator,
+            .allocator = gpa,
             .mir = mir,
             .cc = abi.resolveCallingConvention(.Unspecified, function.target.*),
             .src_loc = src_loc,
@@ -1032,7 +1034,7 @@ pub fn generateLazy(
             };
             return Result{
                 .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
-                    bin_file.allocator,
+                    gpa,
                     src_loc,
                     "{s} This is a bug in the Zig compiler.",
                     .{msg},
@@ -16416,14 +16418,16 @@ fn resolveCallingConventionValues(
 fn fail(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    const gpa = self.gpa;
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
 fn failSymbol(self: *Self, comptime format: []const u8, args: anytype) InnerError {
     @setCold(true);
     assert(self.err_msg == null);
-    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(self.bin_file.allocator, self.src_loc, format, args);
+    const gpa = self.gpa;
+    self.err_msg = try ErrorMsg.create(gpa, self.src_loc, format, args);
     return error.CodegenFail;
 }
 
src/codegen/llvm.zig
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ pub const Object = struct {
             if (wantDllExports(mod)) global_index.setDllStorageClass(.default, &self.builder);
             global_index.setUnnamedAddr(.unnamed_addr, &self.builder);
             if (decl.val.getVariable(mod)) |decl_var| {
-                const decl_namespace = mod.namespacePtr(decl.namespace_index);
+                const decl_namespace = mod.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
                 const single_threaded = decl_namespace.file_scope.mod.single_threaded;
                 global_index.ptrConst(&self.builder).kind.variable.setThreadLocal(
                     if (decl_var.is_threadlocal and !single_threaded)
@@ -3173,7 +3173,7 @@ pub const Object = struct {
             variable_index.setLinkage(.external, &o.builder);
             variable_index.setUnnamedAddr(.default, &o.builder);
             if (decl.val.getVariable(mod)) |decl_var| {
-                const decl_namespace = mod.namespacePtr(decl.namespace_index);
+                const decl_namespace = mod.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
                 const single_threaded = decl_namespace.file_scope.mod.single_threaded;
                 variable_index.setThreadLocal(
                     if (decl_var.is_threadlocal and !single_threaded) .generaldynamic else .default,
src/link/Coff/Atom.zig
@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ pub fn freeListEligible(self: Atom, coff_file: *const Coff) bool {
 }
 
 pub fn addRelocation(coff_file: *Coff, atom_index: Index, reloc: Relocation) !void {
-    const gpa = coff_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = coff_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     log.debug("  (adding reloc of type {s} to target %{d})", .{ @tagName(reloc.type), reloc.target.sym_index });
     const gop = try coff_file.relocs.getOrPut(gpa, atom_index);
     if (!gop.found_existing) {
@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ pub fn addRelocation(coff_file: *Coff, atom_index: Index, reloc: Relocation) !vo
 }
 
 pub fn addBaseRelocation(coff_file: *Coff, atom_index: Index, offset: u32) !void {
-    const gpa = coff_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = coff_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     log.debug("  (adding base relocation at offset 0x{x} in %{d})", .{
         offset,
         coff_file.getAtom(atom_index).getSymbolIndex().?,
@@ -117,7 +119,8 @@ pub fn addBaseRelocation(coff_file: *Coff, atom_index: Index, offset: u32) !void
 }
 
 pub fn freeRelocations(coff_file: *Coff, atom_index: Index) void {
-    const gpa = coff_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = coff_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     var removed_relocs = coff_file.relocs.fetchOrderedRemove(atom_index);
     if (removed_relocs) |*relocs| relocs.value.deinit(gpa);
     var removed_base_relocs = coff_file.base_relocs.fetchOrderedRemove(atom_index);
src/link/Elf/Atom.zig
@@ -227,7 +227,8 @@ pub fn grow(self: *Atom, elf_file: *Elf) !void {
 pub fn free(self: *Atom, elf_file: *Elf) void {
     log.debug("freeAtom {d} ({s})", .{ self.atom_index, self.name(elf_file) });
 
-    const gpa = elf_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = elf_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const shndx = self.outputShndx().?;
     const meta = elf_file.last_atom_and_free_list_table.getPtr(shndx).?;
     const free_list = &meta.free_list;
@@ -352,7 +353,8 @@ pub fn markFdesDead(self: Atom, elf_file: *Elf) void {
 }
 
 pub fn addReloc(self: Atom, elf_file: *Elf, reloc: elf.Elf64_Rela) !void {
-    const gpa = elf_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = elf_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const file_ptr = self.file(elf_file).?;
     assert(file_ptr == .zig_object);
     const zig_object = file_ptr.zig_object;
@@ -747,6 +749,8 @@ fn reportUndefined(
     rel: elf.Elf64_Rela,
     undefs: anytype,
 ) !void {
+    const comp = elf_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const rel_esym = switch (self.file(elf_file).?) {
         .zig_object => |x| x.elfSym(rel.r_sym()).*,
         .object => |x| x.symtab.items[rel.r_sym()],
@@ -761,7 +765,7 @@ fn reportUndefined(
     {
         const gop = try undefs.getOrPut(sym_index);
         if (!gop.found_existing) {
-            gop.value_ptr.* = std.ArrayList(Atom.Index).init(elf_file.base.allocator);
+            gop.value_ptr.* = std.ArrayList(Atom.Index).init(gpa);
         }
         try gop.value_ptr.append(self.atom_index);
     }
@@ -957,6 +961,8 @@ fn resolveDynAbsReloc(
     elf_file: *Elf,
     writer: anytype,
 ) !void {
+    const comp = elf_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const P = self.value + rel.r_offset;
     const A = rel.r_addend;
     const S = @as(i64, @intCast(target.address(.{}, elf_file)));
@@ -967,7 +973,7 @@ fn resolveDynAbsReloc(
         .shared_object => unreachable,
         inline else => |x| x.num_dynrelocs,
     };
-    try elf_file.rela_dyn.ensureUnusedCapacity(elf_file.base.allocator, num_dynrelocs);
+    try elf_file.rela_dyn.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, num_dynrelocs);
 
     switch (action) {
         .@"error",
src/link/MachO/Atom.zig
@@ -253,7 +253,8 @@ pub fn addRelocation(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index, reloc: Relocation) !
 }
 
 pub fn addRelocations(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index, relocs: []const Relocation) !void {
-    const gpa = macho_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = macho_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const gop = try macho_file.relocs.getOrPut(gpa, atom_index);
     if (!gop.found_existing) {
         gop.value_ptr.* = .{};
@@ -269,7 +270,8 @@ pub fn addRelocations(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index, relocs: []const Rel
 }
 
 pub fn addRebase(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index, offset: u32) !void {
-    const gpa = macho_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = macho_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const atom = macho_file.getAtom(atom_index);
     log.debug("  (adding rebase at offset 0x{x} in %{?d})", .{ offset, atom.getSymbolIndex() });
     const gop = try macho_file.rebases.getOrPut(gpa, atom_index);
@@ -280,7 +282,8 @@ pub fn addRebase(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index, offset: u32) !void {
 }
 
 pub fn addBinding(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index, binding: Binding) !void {
-    const gpa = macho_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = macho_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     const atom = macho_file.getAtom(atom_index);
     log.debug("  (adding binding to symbol {s} at offset 0x{x} in %{?d})", .{
         macho_file.getSymbolName(binding.target),
@@ -307,7 +310,8 @@ pub fn resolveRelocations(
 }
 
 pub fn freeRelocations(macho_file: *MachO, atom_index: Index) void {
-    const gpa = macho_file.base.allocator;
+    const comp = macho_file.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     var removed_relocs = macho_file.relocs.fetchOrderedRemove(atom_index);
     if (removed_relocs) |*relocs| relocs.value.deinit(gpa);
     var removed_rebases = macho_file.rebases.fetchOrderedRemove(atom_index);
src/link/C.zig
@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ pub fn getString(this: C, s: String) []const u8 {
 }
 
 pub fn addString(this: *C, s: []const u8) Allocator.Error!String {
-    const gpa = this.base.allocator;
+    const comp = this.base.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
     try this.string_bytes.appendSlice(gpa, s);
     return .{
         .start = @intCast(this.string_bytes.items.len - s.len),
@@ -97,6 +98,15 @@ pub fn open(
     comp: *Compilation,
     emit: Compilation.Emit,
     options: link.File.OpenOptions,
+) !*C {
+    return createEmpty(arena, comp, emit, options);
+}
+
+pub fn createEmpty(
+    arena: Allocator,
+    comp: *Compilation,
+    emit: Compilation.Emit,
+    options: link.File.OpenOptions,
 ) !*C {
     const target = comp.root_mod.resolved_target.result;
     assert(target.ofmt == .c);
src/link/Coff.zig
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ llvm_object: ?*LlvmObject = null,
 
 base: link.File,
 image_base: u64,
-error_flags: link.File.ErrorFlags = .{},
 dll_export_fns: bool,
 subsystem: ?std.Target.SubSystem,
 tsaware: bool,
@@ -1825,10 +1824,10 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Nod
 
     if (self.entry_addr == null and self.base.comp.config.output_mode == .Exe) {
         log.debug("flushing. no_entry_point_found = true\n", .{});
-        self.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = true;
+        self.base.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = true;
     } else {
         log.debug("flushing. no_entry_point_found = false\n", .{});
-        self.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = false;
+        self.base.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = false;
         try self.writeHeader();
     }
 
src/link/Dwarf.zig
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@ pub fn commitDeclState(
     const decl = zcu.declPtr(decl_index);
     const ip = &zcu.intern_pool;
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     const target_endian = target.cpu.arch.endian();
 
     var dbg_line_buffer = &decl_state.dbg_line;
src/link/Elf.zig
@@ -196,9 +196,6 @@ resolver: std.AutoArrayHashMapUnmanaged(u32, Symbol.Index) = .{},
 has_text_reloc: bool = false,
 num_ifunc_dynrelocs: usize = 0,
 
-error_flags: link.File.ErrorFlags = link.File.ErrorFlags{},
-misc_errors: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(link.File.ErrorMsg) = .{},
-
 /// List of atoms that are owned directly by the linker.
 atoms: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(Atom) = .{},
 
@@ -477,7 +474,6 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *Elf) void {
     }
     self.last_atom_and_free_list_table.deinit(gpa);
 
-    self.misc_errors.deinit(gpa);
     self.comdat_groups.deinit(gpa);
     self.comdat_groups_owners.deinit(gpa);
     self.comdat_groups_table.deinit(gpa);
@@ -1168,7 +1164,7 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node
     }
 
     // libc dep
-    self.error_flags.missing_libc = false;
+    self.base.error_flags.missing_libc = false;
     if (self.base.comp.config.link_libc) {
         if (self.base.comp.libc_installation) |lc| {
             const flags = target_util.libcFullLinkFlags(target);
@@ -1219,7 +1215,7 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node
             });
             try system_libs.append(.{ .path = path });
         } else {
-            self.error_flags.missing_libc = true;
+            self.base.error_flags.missing_libc = true;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1257,7 +1253,7 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node
         };
     }
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 
     // Init all objects
     for (self.objects.items) |index| {
@@ -1267,7 +1263,7 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node
         try self.file(index).?.shared_object.init(self);
     }
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 
     // Dedup shared objects
     {
@@ -1389,14 +1385,14 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node
 
     if (self.entry_index == null and self.base.isExe()) {
         log.debug("flushing. no_entry_point_found = true", .{});
-        self.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = true;
+        self.base.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = true;
     } else {
         log.debug("flushing. no_entry_point_found = false", .{});
-        self.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = false;
+        self.base.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = false;
         try self.writeElfHeader();
     }
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 }
 
 pub fn flushStaticLib(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, module_obj_path: ?[]const u8) link.File.FlushError!void {
@@ -1428,7 +1424,7 @@ pub fn flushStaticLib(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, module_obj_path: ?[]const
         };
     }
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 
     // First, we flush relocatable object file generated with our backends.
     if (self.zigObjectPtr()) |zig_object| {
@@ -1540,7 +1536,7 @@ pub fn flushStaticLib(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, module_obj_path: ?[]const
     try self.base.file.?.setEndPos(total_size);
     try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(buffer.items, 0);
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 }
 
 pub fn flushObject(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, module_obj_path: ?[]const u8) link.File.FlushError!void {
@@ -1571,14 +1567,14 @@ pub fn flushObject(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, module_obj_path: ?[]const u8)
         };
     }
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 
     // Init all objects
     for (self.objects.items) |index| {
         try self.file(index).?.object.init(self);
     }
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 
     // Now, we are ready to resolve the symbols across all input files.
     // We will first resolve the files in the ZigObject, next in the parsed
@@ -1612,7 +1608,7 @@ pub fn flushObject(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, module_obj_path: ?[]const u8)
     try self.writeShdrTable();
     try self.writeElfHeader();
 
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return error.FlushFailure;
 }
 
 /// --verbose-link output
@@ -2891,7 +2887,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) !v
             }
 
             // libc dep
-            self.error_flags.missing_libc = false;
+            self.base.error_flags.missing_libc = false;
             if (comp.config.link_libc) {
                 if (self.base.comp.libc_installation != null) {
                     const needs_grouping = link_mode == .Static;
@@ -2912,7 +2908,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) !v
                         .Dynamic => "libc.so",
                     }));
                 } else {
-                    self.error_flags.missing_libc = true;
+                    self.base.error_flags.missing_libc = true;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3135,7 +3131,7 @@ fn writePhdrTable(self: *Elf) !void {
 }
 
 fn writeElfHeader(self: *Elf) !void {
-    if (self.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return; // We had errors, so skip flushing to render the output unusable
+    if (self.base.misc_errors.items.len > 0) return; // We had errors, so skip flushing to render the output unusable
 
     var hdr_buf: [@sizeOf(elf.Elf64_Ehdr)]u8 = undefined;
 
@@ -6067,8 +6063,9 @@ const ErrorWithNotes = struct {
         comptime format: []const u8,
         args: anytype,
     ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
-        const gpa = elf_file.base.allocator;
-        const err_msg = &elf_file.misc_errors.items[err.index];
+        const comp = elf_file.base.comp;
+        const gpa = comp.gpa;
+        const err_msg = &elf_file.base.misc_errors.items[err.index];
         err_msg.msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, format, args);
     }
 
@@ -6078,8 +6075,9 @@ const ErrorWithNotes = struct {
         comptime format: []const u8,
         args: anytype,
     ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
-        const gpa = elf_file.base.allocator;
-        const err_msg = &elf_file.misc_errors.items[err.index];
+        const comp = elf_file.base.comp;
+        const gpa = comp.gpa;
+        const err_msg = &elf_file.base.misc_errors.items[err.index];
         assert(err.note_slot < err_msg.notes.len);
         err_msg.notes[err.note_slot] = .{ .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, format, args) };
         err.note_slot += 1;
@@ -6088,14 +6086,14 @@ const ErrorWithNotes = struct {
 
 pub fn addErrorWithNotes(self: *Elf, note_count: usize) error{OutOfMemory}!ErrorWithNotes {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
     return self.addErrorWithNotesAssumeCapacity(note_count);
 }
 
 fn addErrorWithNotesAssumeCapacity(self: *Elf, note_count: usize) error{OutOfMemory}!ErrorWithNotes {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    const index = self.misc_errors.items.len;
-    const err = self.misc_errors.addOneAssumeCapacity();
+    const index = self.base.misc_errors.items.len;
+    const err = self.base.misc_errors.addOneAssumeCapacity();
     err.* = .{ .msg = undefined, .notes = try gpa.alloc(link.File.ErrorMsg, note_count) };
     return .{ .index = index };
 }
@@ -6130,7 +6128,7 @@ fn reportUndefinedSymbols(self: *Elf, undefs: anytype) !void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
     const max_notes = 4;
 
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, undefs.count());
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, undefs.count());
 
     var it = undefs.iterator();
     while (it.next()) |entry| {
src/link/MachO.zig
@@ -67,9 +67,6 @@ tlv_ptr_table: TableSection(SymbolWithLoc) = .{},
 thunk_table: std.AutoHashMapUnmanaged(Atom.Index, thunks.Thunk.Index) = .{},
 thunks: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(thunks.Thunk) = .{},
 
-error_flags: File.ErrorFlags = File.ErrorFlags{},
-misc_errors: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(File.ErrorMsg) = .{},
-
 segment_table_dirty: bool = false,
 got_table_count_dirty: bool = false,
 got_table_contents_dirty: bool = false,
@@ -337,8 +334,8 @@ pub fn flush(self: *MachO, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) li
         if (build_options.have_llvm) {
             return self.base.linkAsArchive(comp, prog_node);
         } else {
-            try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
-            self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
+            try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+            self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
                 .msg = try gpa.dupe(u8, "TODO: non-LLVM archiver for MachO object files"),
             });
             return error.FlushFailure;
@@ -492,7 +489,7 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *MachO, comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.No
     try self.resolveSymbols();
 
     if (self.getEntryPoint() == null) {
-        self.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = true;
+        self.base.error_flags.no_entry_point_found = true;
     }
     if (self.unresolved.count() > 0) {
         try self.reportUndefined();
@@ -2097,11 +2094,6 @@ pub fn deinit(self: *MachO) void {
         bindings.deinit(gpa);
     }
     self.bindings.deinit(gpa);
-
-    for (self.misc_errors.items) |*err| {
-        err.deinit(gpa);
-    }
-    self.misc_errors.deinit(gpa);
 }
 
 fn freeAtom(self: *MachO, atom_index: Atom.Index) void {
@@ -5341,13 +5333,13 @@ fn reportMissingLibraryError(
     args: anytype,
 ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
     const notes = try gpa.alloc(File.ErrorMsg, checked_paths.len);
     errdefer gpa.free(notes);
     for (checked_paths, notes) |path, *note| {
         note.* = .{ .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "tried {s}", .{path}) };
     }
-    self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
+    self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
         .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, format, args),
         .notes = notes,
     });
@@ -5361,14 +5353,14 @@ fn reportDependencyError(
     args: anytype,
 ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
     var notes = try std.ArrayList(File.ErrorMsg).initCapacity(gpa, 2);
     defer notes.deinit();
     if (path) |p| {
         notes.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "while parsing {s}", .{p}) });
     }
     notes.appendAssumeCapacity(.{ .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "a dependency of {s}", .{parent}) });
-    self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
+    self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
         .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, format, args),
         .notes = try notes.toOwnedSlice(),
     });
@@ -5381,11 +5373,11 @@ pub fn reportParseError(
     args: anytype,
 ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
     var notes = try gpa.alloc(File.ErrorMsg, 1);
     errdefer gpa.free(notes);
     notes[0] = .{ .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "while parsing {s}", .{path}) };
-    self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
+    self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
         .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, format, args),
         .notes = notes,
     });
@@ -5398,11 +5390,11 @@ pub fn reportUnresolvedBoundarySymbol(
     args: anytype,
 ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
     var notes = try gpa.alloc(File.ErrorMsg, 1);
     errdefer gpa.free(notes);
     notes[0] = .{ .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "while resolving {s}", .{sym_name}) };
-    self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
+    self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
         .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, format, args),
         .notes = notes,
     });
@@ -5411,7 +5403,7 @@ pub fn reportUnresolvedBoundarySymbol(
 pub fn reportUndefined(self: *MachO) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
     const count = self.unresolved.count();
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, count);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, count);
 
     for (self.unresolved.keys()) |global_index| {
         const global = self.globals.items[global_index];
@@ -5432,7 +5424,7 @@ pub fn reportUndefined(self: *MachO) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
         };
         err_msg.notes = try notes.toOwnedSlice();
 
-        self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(err_msg);
+        self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(err_msg);
     }
 }
 
@@ -5442,7 +5434,7 @@ fn reportSymbolCollision(
     other: SymbolWithLoc,
 ) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
 
     var notes = try std.ArrayList(File.ErrorMsg).initCapacity(gpa, 2);
     defer notes.deinit();
@@ -5465,12 +5457,12 @@ fn reportSymbolCollision(
     }) };
     err_msg.notes = try notes.toOwnedSlice();
 
-    self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(err_msg);
+    self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(err_msg);
 }
 
 fn reportUnhandledSymbolType(self: *MachO, sym_with_loc: SymbolWithLoc) error{OutOfMemory}!void {
     const gpa = self.base.comp.gpa;
-    try self.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+    try self.base.misc_errors.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
 
     const notes = try gpa.alloc(File.ErrorMsg, 1);
     errdefer gpa.free(notes);
@@ -5488,7 +5480,7 @@ fn reportUnhandledSymbolType(self: *MachO, sym_with_loc: SymbolWithLoc) error{Ou
     else
         unreachable;
 
-    self.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
+    self.base.misc_errors.appendAssumeCapacity(.{
         .msg = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "unhandled symbol type: '{s}' has type {s}", .{
             self.getSymbolName(sym_with_loc),
             sym_type,
src/link/Plan9.zig
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ pub const base_tag = .plan9;
 
 base: link.File,
 sixtyfour_bit: bool,
-error_flags: File.ErrorFlags = File.ErrorFlags{},
 bases: Bases,
 
 /// A symbol's value is just casted down when compiling
src/codegen.zig
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn generateFunction(
     const func = zcu.funcInfo(func_index);
     const decl = zcu.declPtr(func.owner_decl);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     switch (target.cpu.arch) {
         .arm,
         .armeb,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn generateLazyFunction(
     const decl_index = lazy_sym.ty.getOwnerDecl(zcu);
     const decl = zcu.declPtr(decl_index);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     switch (target.cpu.arch) {
         .x86_64 => return @import("arch/x86_64/CodeGen.zig").generateLazy(lf, src_loc, lazy_sym, code, debug_output),
         else => unreachable,
@@ -117,12 +117,14 @@ pub fn generateLazySymbol(
     const tracy = trace(@src());
     defer tracy.end();
 
-    const zcu = bin_file.comp.module.?;
+    const comp = bin_file.comp;
+    const zcu = comp.module.?;
     const decl_index = lazy_sym.ty.getOwnerDecl(zcu);
     const decl = zcu.declPtr(decl_index);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     const endian = target.cpu.arch.endian();
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
 
     log.debug("generateLazySymbol: kind = {s}, ty = {}", .{
         @tagName(lazy_sym.kind),
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ pub fn generateLazySymbol(
         }
         return Result.ok;
     } else return .{ .fail = try ErrorMsg.create(
-        bin_file.allocator,
+        gpa,
         src_loc,
         "TODO implement generateLazySymbol for {s} {}",
         .{ @tagName(lazy_sym.kind), lazy_sym.ty.fmt(zcu) },
@@ -827,7 +829,7 @@ fn lowerDeclRef(
     const zcu = lf.comp.module.?;
     const decl = zcu.declPtr(decl_index);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
     const ptr_width = target.ptrBitWidth();
     const is_fn_body = decl.ty.zigTypeTag(zcu) == .Fn;
@@ -921,7 +923,7 @@ fn genDeclRef(
 
     const ptr_decl = zcu.declPtr(ptr_decl_index);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(ptr_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
 
     const ptr_bits = target.ptrBitWidth();
     const ptr_bytes: u64 = @divExact(ptr_bits, 8);
@@ -944,6 +946,9 @@ fn genDeclRef(
         return GenResult.mcv(.{ .immediate = imm });
     }
 
+    const comp = lf.comp;
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+
     // TODO this feels clunky. Perhaps we should check for it in `genTypedValue`?
     if (tv.ty.castPtrToFn(zcu)) |fn_ty| {
         if (zcu.typeToFunc(fn_ty).?.is_generic) {
@@ -958,8 +963,8 @@ fn genDeclRef(
 
     try zcu.markDeclAlive(decl);
 
-    const decl_namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.namespace_index);
-    const single_threaded = decl_namespace.file_scope.zcu.single_threaded;
+    const decl_namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(decl.src_namespace);
+    const single_threaded = decl_namespace.file_scope.mod.single_threaded;
     const is_threadlocal = tv.val.isPtrToThreadLocal(zcu) and !single_threaded;
     const is_extern = decl.isExtern(zcu);
 
@@ -985,8 +990,8 @@ fn genDeclRef(
         if (is_extern) {
             // TODO make this part of getGlobalSymbol
             const name = zcu.intern_pool.stringToSlice(decl.name);
-            const sym_name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(lf.allocator, "_{s}", .{name});
-            defer lf.allocator.free(sym_name);
+            const sym_name = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "_{s}", .{name});
+            defer gpa.free(sym_name);
             const global_index = try macho_file.addUndefined(sym_name, .{ .add_got = true });
             return GenResult.mcv(.{ .load_got = link.File.MachO.global_symbol_bit | global_index });
         }
@@ -1005,7 +1010,7 @@ fn genDeclRef(
             else
                 null;
             const global_index = try coff_file.getGlobalSymbol(name, lib_name);
-            try coff_file.need_got_table.put(lf.allocator, global_index, {}); // needs GOT
+            try coff_file.need_got_table.put(gpa, global_index, {}); // needs GOT
             return GenResult.mcv(.{ .load_got = link.File.Coff.global_symbol_bit | global_index });
         }
         const atom_index = try coff_file.getOrCreateAtomForDecl(decl_index);
@@ -1016,7 +1021,7 @@ fn genDeclRef(
         const atom = p9.getAtom(atom_index);
         return GenResult.mcv(.{ .memory = atom.getOffsetTableAddress(p9) });
     } else {
-        return GenResult.fail(lf.allocator, src_loc, "TODO genDeclRef for target {}", .{target});
+        return GenResult.fail(gpa, src_loc, "TODO genDeclRef for target {}", .{target});
     }
 }
 
@@ -1073,7 +1078,7 @@ pub fn genTypedValue(
 
     const owner_decl = zcu.declPtr(owner_decl_index);
     const namespace = zcu.namespacePtr(owner_decl.src_namespace);
-    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.target;
+    const target = namespace.file_scope.mod.resolved_target.result;
     const ptr_bits = target.ptrBitWidth();
 
     if (!typed_value.ty.isSlice(zcu)) switch (zcu.intern_pool.indexToKey(typed_value.val.toIntern())) {
src/Compilation.zig
@@ -884,12 +884,32 @@ const CacheUse = union(CacheMode) {
         docs_sub_path: ?[]u8,
         lf_open_opts: link.File.OpenOptions,
         tmp_artifact_directory: ?Cache.Directory,
+        /// Prevents other processes from clobbering files in the output directory.
+        lock: ?Cache.Lock,
+
+        fn releaseLock(whole: *Whole) void {
+            if (whole.lock) |*lock| {
+                lock.release();
+                whole.lock = null;
+            }
+        }
     };
 
     const Incremental = struct {
         /// Where build artifacts and incremental compilation metadata serialization go.
         artifact_directory: Compilation.Directory,
     };
+
+    fn deinit(cu: CacheUse) void {
+        switch (cu) {
+            .incremental => |incremental| {
+                incremental.artifact_directory.handle.close();
+            },
+            .whole => |whole| {
+                whole.releaseLock();
+            },
+        }
+    }
 };
 
 pub const LinkObject = struct {
@@ -916,7 +936,7 @@ pub const InitOptions = struct {
     /// Normally, `main_mod` and `root_mod` are the same. The exception is `zig
     /// test`, in which `root_mod` is the test runner, and `main_mod` is the
     /// user's source file which has the tests.
-    main_mod: ?*Package.Module,
+    main_mod: ?*Package.Module = null,
     /// This is provided so that the API user has a chance to tweak the
     /// per-module settings of the standard library.
     std_mod: *Package.Module,
@@ -1615,6 +1635,7 @@ pub fn create(gpa: Allocator, options: InitOptions) !*Compilation {
                     .implib_sub_path = try prepareWholeEmitSubPath(arena, options.emit_implib),
                     .docs_sub_path = try prepareWholeEmitSubPath(arena, options.emit_docs),
                     .tmp_artifact_directory = null,
+                    .lock = null,
                 };
                 comp.cache_use = .{ .whole = whole };
             },
@@ -1822,13 +1843,7 @@ pub fn create(gpa: Allocator, options: InitOptions) !*Compilation {
 pub fn destroy(self: *Compilation) void {
     if (self.bin_file) |lf| lf.destroy();
     if (self.module) |zcu| zcu.deinit();
-    switch (self.cache_use) {
-        .incremental => |incremental| {
-            incremental.artifact_directory.handle.close();
-        },
-        .whole => {},
-    }
-
+    self.cache_use.deinit();
     self.work_queue.deinit();
     self.anon_work_queue.deinit();
     self.c_object_work_queue.deinit();
@@ -1922,11 +1937,17 @@ pub fn getTarget(self: Compilation) Target {
     return self.root_mod.resolved_target.result;
 }
 
-pub fn hotCodeSwap(comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node, pid: std.ChildProcess.Id) !void {
-    comp.bin_file.child_pid = pid;
-    try comp.makeBinFileWritable();
+/// Only legal to call when cache mode is incremental and a link file is present.
+pub fn hotCodeSwap(
+    comp: *Compilation,
+    prog_node: *std.Progress.Node,
+    pid: std.ChildProcess.Id,
+) !void {
+    const lf = comp.bin_file.?;
+    lf.child_pid = pid;
+    try lf.makeWritable();
     try comp.update(prog_node);
-    try comp.makeBinFileExecutable();
+    try lf.makeExecutable();
 }
 
 fn cleanupAfterUpdate(comp: *Compilation) void {
@@ -1941,7 +1962,7 @@ fn cleanupAfterUpdate(comp: *Compilation) void {
                 lf.destroy();
                 comp.bin_file = null;
             }
-            if (whole.tmp_artifact_directory) |directory| {
+            if (whole.tmp_artifact_directory) |*directory| {
                 directory.handle.close();
                 if (directory.path) |p| comp.gpa.free(p);
                 whole.tmp_artifact_directory = null;
@@ -1967,8 +1988,9 @@ pub fn update(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node) !void
     // C source files.
     switch (comp.cache_use) {
         .whole => |whole| {
-            // We are about to obtain this lock, so here we give other processes a chance first.
             assert(comp.bin_file == null);
+            // We are about to obtain this lock, so here we give other processes a chance first.
+            whole.releaseLock();
 
             man = comp.cache_parent.obtain();
             whole.cache_manifest = &man;
@@ -1989,8 +2011,8 @@ pub fn update(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node) !void
 
                 comp.wholeCacheModeSetBinFilePath(whole, &digest);
 
-                assert(comp.bin_file.lock == null);
-                comp.bin_file.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
+                assert(whole.lock == null);
+                whole.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
                 return;
             }
             log.debug("CacheMode.whole cache miss for {s}", .{comp.root_name});
@@ -2158,7 +2180,7 @@ pub fn update(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node) !void
 
             // Rename the temporary directory into place.
             // Close tmp dir and link.File to avoid open handle during rename.
-            if (whole.tmp_artifact_directory) |tmp_directory| {
+            if (whole.tmp_artifact_directory) |*tmp_directory| {
                 tmp_directory.handle.close();
                 if (tmp_directory.path) |p| comp.gpa.free(p);
                 whole.tmp_artifact_directory = null;
@@ -2181,8 +2203,8 @@ pub fn update(comp: *Compilation, main_progress_node: *std.Progress.Node) !void
                 log.warn("failed to write cache manifest: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
             };
 
-            assert(comp.bin_file.lock == null);
-            comp.bin_file.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
+            assert(whole.lock == null);
+            whole.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
         },
         .incremental => {},
     }
@@ -2263,13 +2285,15 @@ fn maybeGenerateAutodocs(comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) !voi
 }
 
 fn flush(comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) !void {
-    // This is needed before reading the error flags.
-    comp.bin_file.flush(comp, prog_node) catch |err| switch (err) {
-        error.FlushFailure => {}, // error reported through link_error_flags
-        error.LLDReportedFailure => {}, // error reported via lockAndParseLldStderr
-        else => |e| return e,
-    };
-    comp.link_error_flags = comp.bin_file.errorFlags();
+    if (comp.bin_file) |lf| {
+        // This is needed before reading the error flags.
+        lf.flush(comp, prog_node) catch |err| switch (err) {
+            error.FlushFailure => {}, // error reported through link_error_flags
+            error.LLDReportedFailure => {}, // error reported via lockAndParseLldStderr
+            else => |e| return e,
+        };
+        comp.link_error_flags = lf.error_flags;
+    }
 
     if (comp.module) |module| {
         try link.File.C.flushEmitH(module);
@@ -2445,9 +2469,9 @@ fn addNonIncrementalStuffToCacheManifest(comp: *Compilation, man: *Cache.Manifes
             .wasm => {
                 const wasm = lf.cast(link.File.Wasm).?;
                 man.hash.add(wasm.rdynamic);
-                man.hash.add(wasm.initial_memory);
-                man.hash.add(wasm.max_memory);
-                man.hash.add(wasm.global_base);
+                man.hash.addOptional(wasm.initial_memory);
+                man.hash.addOptional(wasm.max_memory);
+                man.hash.addOptional(wasm.global_base);
             },
             .macho => {
                 const macho = lf.cast(link.File.MachO).?;
@@ -2626,12 +2650,14 @@ fn reportMultiModuleErrors(mod: *Module) !void {
 /// binary is concerned. This will remove the write flag, or close the file,
 /// or whatever is needed so that it can be executed.
 /// After this, one must call` makeFileWritable` before calling `update`.
-pub fn makeBinFileExecutable(self: *Compilation) !void {
-    return self.bin_file.makeExecutable();
+pub fn makeBinFileExecutable(comp: *Compilation) !void {
+    const lf = comp.bin_file orelse return;
+    return lf.makeExecutable();
 }
 
-pub fn makeBinFileWritable(self: *Compilation) !void {
-    return self.bin_file.makeWritable();
+pub fn makeBinFileWritable(comp: *Compilation) !void {
+    const lf = comp.bin_file orelse return;
+    return lf.makeWritable();
 }
 
 const Header = extern struct {
@@ -2764,8 +2790,9 @@ pub fn totalErrorCount(self: *Compilation) u32 {
     }
     total += @intFromBool(self.link_error_flags.missing_libc);
 
-    // Misc linker errors
-    total += self.bin_file.miscErrors().len;
+    if (self.bin_file) |lf| {
+        total += lf.misc_errors.items.len;
+    }
 
     // Compile log errors only count if there are no other errors.
     if (total == 0) {
@@ -2914,7 +2941,7 @@ pub fn getAllErrorsAlloc(self: *Compilation) !ErrorBundle {
         }));
     }
 
-    for (self.bin_file.miscErrors()) |link_err| {
+    if (self.bin_file) |lf| for (lf.misc_errors.items) |link_err| {
         try bundle.addRootErrorMessage(.{
             .msg = try bundle.addString(link_err.msg),
             .notes_len = @intCast(link_err.notes.len),
@@ -2925,7 +2952,7 @@ pub fn getAllErrorsAlloc(self: *Compilation) !ErrorBundle {
                 .msg = try bundle.addString(note.msg),
             }));
         }
-    }
+    };
 
     if (self.module) |module| {
         if (bundle.root_list.items.len == 0 and module.compile_log_decls.count() != 0) {
@@ -3246,12 +3273,12 @@ pub fn performAllTheWork(
             // TODO put all the modules in a flat array to make them easy to iterate.
             var seen: std.AutoArrayHashMapUnmanaged(*Package.Module, void) = .{};
             defer seen.deinit(comp.gpa);
-            try seen.put(comp.gpa, comp.root_mod);
+            try seen.put(comp.gpa, comp.root_mod, {});
             var i: usize = 0;
             while (i < seen.count()) : (i += 1) {
                 const mod = seen.keys()[i];
                 for (mod.deps.values()) |dep|
-                    try seen.put(comp.gpa, dep);
+                    try seen.put(comp.gpa, dep, {});
 
                 const file = mod.builtin_file orelse continue;
 
@@ -3459,7 +3486,8 @@ fn processOneJob(comp: *Compilation, job: Job, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) !v
             const gpa = comp.gpa;
             const module = comp.module.?;
             const decl = module.declPtr(decl_index);
-            comp.bin_file.updateDeclLineNumber(module, decl_index) catch |err| {
+            const lf = comp.bin_file.?;
+            lf.updateDeclLineNumber(module, decl_index) catch |err| {
                 try module.failed_decls.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
                 module.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(decl_index, try Module.ErrorMsg.create(
                     gpa,
@@ -3782,7 +3810,7 @@ pub fn obtainCObjectCacheManifest(
     // that apply both to @cImport and compiling C objects. No linking stuff here!
     // Also nothing that applies only to compiling .zig code.
     man.hash.add(owner_mod.sanitize_c);
-    man.hash.addListOfBytes(owner_mod.clang_argv);
+    man.hash.addListOfBytes(owner_mod.cc_argv);
     man.hash.add(comp.config.link_libcpp);
 
     // When libc_installation is null it means that Zig generated this dir list
@@ -6099,7 +6127,8 @@ fn buildOutputFromZig(
     const tracy_trace = trace(@src());
     defer tracy_trace.end();
 
-    var arena_allocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(comp.gpa);
+    const gpa = comp.gpa;
+    var arena_allocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(gpa);
     defer arena_allocator.deinit();
     const arena = arena_allocator.allocator();
 
@@ -6110,6 +6139,7 @@ fn buildOutputFromZig(
 
     const config = try Config.resolve(.{
         .output_mode = output_mode,
+        .link_mode = .Static,
         .resolved_target = comp.root_mod.resolved_target,
         .is_test = false,
         .have_zcu = true,
@@ -6120,7 +6150,8 @@ fn buildOutputFromZig(
         .any_unwind_tables = unwind_tables,
     });
 
-    const root_mod = Package.Module.create(.{
+    const root_mod = try Package.Module.create(arena, .{
+        .global_cache_directory = comp.global_cache_directory,
         .paths = .{
             .root = .{ .root_dir = comp.zig_lib_directory },
             .root_src_path = src_basename,
@@ -6139,6 +6170,8 @@ fn buildOutputFromZig(
         },
         .global = config,
         .cc_argv = &.{},
+        .parent = null,
+        .builtin_mod = null,
     });
     const root_name = src_basename[0 .. src_basename.len - std.fs.path.extension(src_basename).len];
     const target = comp.getTarget();
@@ -6148,23 +6181,21 @@ fn buildOutputFromZig(
         .output_mode = output_mode,
     });
 
-    const emit_bin = Compilation.EmitLoc{
-        .directory = null, // Put it in the cache directory.
-        .basename = bin_basename,
-    };
-    const sub_compilation = try Compilation.create(comp.gpa, .{
+    const sub_compilation = try Compilation.create(gpa, .{
         .global_cache_directory = comp.global_cache_directory,
         .local_cache_directory = comp.global_cache_directory,
         .zig_lib_directory = comp.zig_lib_directory,
         .self_exe_path = comp.self_exe_path,
-        .resolved = config,
+        .config = config,
         .root_mod = root_mod,
         .cache_mode = .whole,
         .root_name = root_name,
         .thread_pool = comp.thread_pool,
         .libc_installation = comp.libc_installation,
-        .emit_bin = emit_bin,
-        .link_mode = .Static,
+        .emit_bin = .{
+            .directory = null, // Put it in the cache directory.
+            .basename = bin_basename,
+        },
         .function_sections = true,
         .data_sections = true,
         .no_builtin = true,
@@ -6186,8 +6217,8 @@ fn buildOutputFromZig(
     try comp.updateSubCompilation(sub_compilation, misc_task_tag, prog_node);
 
     assert(out.* == null);
-    out.* = Compilation.CRTFile{
-        .full_object_path = try sub_compilation.bin_file.?.emit.directory.join(comp.gpa, &[_][]const u8{
+    out.* = .{
+        .full_object_path = try sub_compilation.bin_file.?.emit.directory.join(gpa, &.{
             sub_compilation.bin_file.?.emit.sub_path,
         }),
         .lock = sub_compilation.bin_file.toOwnedLock(),
@@ -6206,12 +6237,15 @@ pub fn build_crt_file(
     defer tracy_trace.end();
 
     const gpa = comp.gpa;
-    const basename = try std.zig.binNameAlloc(gpa, .{
+    var arena_allocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(gpa);
+    defer arena_allocator.deinit();
+    const arena = arena_allocator.allocator();
+
+    const basename = try std.zig.binNameAlloc(arena, .{
         .root_name = root_name,
         .target = comp.root_mod.resolved_target.result,
         .output_mode = output_mode,
     });
-    errdefer gpa.free(basename);
 
     const config = try Config.resolve(.{
         .output_mode = output_mode,
@@ -6227,7 +6261,8 @@ pub fn build_crt_file(
             .Obj, .Exe => false,
         },
     });
-    const root_mod = Package.Module.create(.{
+    const root_mod = try Package.Module.create(arena, .{
+        .global_cache_directory = comp.global_cache_directory,
         .paths = .{
             .root = .{ .root_dir = comp.zig_lib_directory },
             .root_src_path = "",
@@ -6249,6 +6284,8 @@ pub fn build_crt_file(
         },
         .global = config,
         .cc_argv = &.{},
+        .parent = null,
+        .builtin_mod = null,
     });
 
     const sub_compilation = try Compilation.create(gpa, .{
@@ -6257,7 +6294,7 @@ pub fn build_crt_file(
         .zig_lib_directory = comp.zig_lib_directory,
         .self_exe_path = comp.self_exe_path,
         .cache_mode = .whole,
-        .resolved = config,
+        .config = config,
         .root_mod = root_mod,
         .root_name = root_name,
         .thread_pool = comp.thread_pool,
@@ -6287,7 +6324,7 @@ pub fn build_crt_file(
     try comp.crt_files.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
 
     comp.crt_files.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(basename, .{
-        .full_object_path = try sub_compilation.bin_file.?.emit.directory.join(gpa, &[_][]const u8{
+        .full_object_path = try sub_compilation.bin_file.?.emit.directory.join(gpa, &.{
             sub_compilation.bin_file.?.emit.sub_path,
         }),
         .lock = sub_compilation.bin_file.toOwnedLock(),
src/libunwind.zig
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub fn buildStaticLib(comp: *Compilation, prog_node: *std.Progress.Node) !void {
         .local_cache_directory = comp.global_cache_directory,
         .global_cache_directory = comp.global_cache_directory,
         .zig_lib_directory = comp.zig_lib_directory,
-        .resolved = config,
+        .config = config,
         .root_mod = root_mod,
         .cache_mode = .whole,
         .root_name = root_name,
src/link.zig
@@ -69,10 +69,12 @@ pub const File = struct {
     allow_shlib_undefined: bool,
     stack_size: u64,
 
+    error_flags: ErrorFlags = .{},
+    misc_errors: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(ErrorMsg) = .{},
+
     /// Prevents other processes from clobbering files in the output directory
     /// of this linking operation.
     lock: ?Cache.Lock = null,
-
     child_pid: ?std.ChildProcess.Id = null,
 
     pub const OpenOptions = struct {
@@ -210,6 +212,8 @@ pub const File = struct {
     }
 
     pub fn makeWritable(base: *File) !void {
+        const comp = base.comp;
+        const gpa = comp.gpa;
         switch (base.tag) {
             .coff, .elf, .macho, .plan9, .wasm => {
                 if (build_options.only_c) unreachable;
@@ -225,9 +229,10 @@ pub const File = struct {
                         // it will return ETXTBSY. So instead, we copy the file, atomically rename it
                         // over top of the exe path, and then proceed normally. This changes the inode,
                         // avoiding the error.
-                        const tmp_sub_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(base.allocator, "{s}-{x}", .{
+                        const tmp_sub_path = try std.fmt.allocPrint(gpa, "{s}-{x}", .{
                             emit.sub_path, std.crypto.random.int(u32),
                         });
+                        defer gpa.free(tmp_sub_path);
                         try emit.directory.handle.copyFile(emit.sub_path, emit.directory.handle, tmp_sub_path, .{});
                         try emit.directory.handle.rename(tmp_sub_path, emit.sub_path);
                         switch (builtin.os.tag) {
@@ -242,9 +247,9 @@ pub const File = struct {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                const use_lld = build_options.have_llvm and base.comp.config.use_lld;
-                const output_mode = base.comp.config.output_mode;
-                const link_mode = base.comp.config.link_mode;
+                const use_lld = build_options.have_llvm and comp.config.use_lld;
+                const output_mode = comp.config.output_mode;
+                const link_mode = comp.config.link_mode;
                 base.file = try emit.directory.handle.createFile(emit.sub_path, .{
                     .truncate = false,
                     .read = true,
@@ -256,9 +261,10 @@ pub const File = struct {
     }
 
     pub fn makeExecutable(base: *File) !void {
-        const output_mode = base.comp.config.output_mode;
-        const link_mode = base.comp.config.link_mode;
-        const use_lld = build_options.have_llvm and base.comp.config.use_lld;
+        const comp = base.comp;
+        const output_mode = comp.config.output_mode;
+        const link_mode = comp.config.link_mode;
+        const use_lld = build_options.have_llvm and comp.config.use_lld;
 
         switch (output_mode) {
             .Obj => return,
@@ -464,8 +470,13 @@ pub const File = struct {
     }
 
     pub fn destroy(base: *File) void {
+        const gpa = base.comp.gpa;
         base.releaseLock();
         if (base.file) |f| f.close();
+        {
+            for (base.misc_errors.items) |*item| item.deinit(gpa);
+            base.misc_errors.deinit(gpa);
+        }
         switch (base.tag) {
             .coff => {
                 if (build_options.only_c) unreachable;
@@ -602,9 +613,9 @@ pub const File = struct {
             return;
         }
 
-        const use_lld = build_options.have_llvm and base.comp.config.use_lld;
-        const output_mode = base.comp.config.output_mode;
-        const link_mode = base.comp.config.link_mode;
+        const use_lld = build_options.have_llvm and comp.config.use_lld;
+        const output_mode = comp.config.output_mode;
+        const link_mode = comp.config.link_mode;
         if (use_lld and output_mode == .Lib and link_mode == .Static) {
             return base.linkAsArchive(comp, prog_node);
         }
@@ -657,25 +668,6 @@ pub const File = struct {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn errorFlags(base: *File) ErrorFlags {
-        switch (base.tag) {
-            .coff => return @fieldParentPtr(Coff, "base", base).error_flags,
-            .elf => return @fieldParentPtr(Elf, "base", base).error_flags,
-            .macho => return @fieldParentPtr(MachO, "base", base).error_flags,
-            .plan9 => return @fieldParentPtr(Plan9, "base", base).error_flags,
-            .c => return .{ .no_entry_point_found = false },
-            .wasm, .spirv, .nvptx => return ErrorFlags{},
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn miscErrors(base: *File) []const ErrorMsg {
-        switch (base.tag) {
-            .elf => return @fieldParentPtr(Elf, "base", base).misc_errors.items,
-            .macho => return @fieldParentPtr(MachO, "base", base).misc_errors.items,
-            else => return &.{},
-        }
-    }
-
     pub const UpdateExportsError = error{
         OutOfMemory,
         AnalysisFail,
@@ -781,14 +773,15 @@ pub const File = struct {
         const tracy = trace(@src());
         defer tracy.end();
 
-        var arena_allocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(base.allocator);
+        const gpa = comp.gpa;
+        var arena_allocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(gpa);
         defer arena_allocator.deinit();
         const arena = arena_allocator.allocator();
 
         const directory = base.emit.directory; // Just an alias to make it shorter to type.
         const full_out_path = try directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{base.emit.sub_path});
         const full_out_path_z = try arena.dupeZ(u8, full_out_path);
-        const opt_zcu = base.comp.module;
+        const opt_zcu = comp.module;
 
         // If there is no Zig code to compile, then we should skip flushing the output file
         // because it will not be part of the linker line anyway.
@@ -801,7 +794,7 @@ pub const File = struct {
 
         log.debug("zcu_obj_path={s}", .{if (zcu_obj_path) |s| s else "(null)"});
 
-        const compiler_rt_path: ?[]const u8 = if (base.comp.include_compiler_rt)
+        const compiler_rt_path: ?[]const u8 = if (comp.include_compiler_rt)
             comp.compiler_rt_obj.?.full_object_path
         else
             null;
@@ -815,7 +808,7 @@ pub const File = struct {
         var man: Cache.Manifest = undefined;
         defer if (!base.disable_lld_caching) man.deinit();
 
-        const objects = base.comp.objects;
+        const objects = comp.objects;
 
         var digest: [Cache.hex_digest_len]u8 = undefined;
 
@@ -869,7 +862,7 @@ pub const File = struct {
 
         const win32_resource_table_len = if (build_options.only_core_functionality) 0 else comp.win32_resource_table.count();
         const num_object_files = objects.len + comp.c_object_table.count() + win32_resource_table_len + 2;
-        var object_files = try std.ArrayList([*:0]const u8).initCapacity(base.allocator, num_object_files);
+        var object_files = try std.ArrayList([*:0]const u8).initCapacity(gpa, num_object_files);
         defer object_files.deinit();
 
         for (objects) |obj| {
src/Module.zig
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ pub const Decl = struct {
         // Sanitize the name for nvptx which is more restrictive.
         // TODO This should be handled by the backend, not the frontend. Have a
         // look at how the C backend does it for inspiration.
-        const cpu_arch = mod.root_mod.resolved_target.cpu.arch;
+        const cpu_arch = mod.root_mod.resolved_target.result.cpu.arch;
         if (cpu_arch.isNvptx()) {
             for (ip.string_bytes.items[start..]) |*byte| switch (byte.*) {
                 '{', '}', '*', '[', ']', '(', ')', ',', ' ', '\'' => byte.* = '_',
@@ -3313,7 +3313,8 @@ pub fn ensureFuncBodyAnalyzed(mod: *Module, func_index: InternPool.Index) SemaEr
 
             if (no_bin_file and !dump_llvm_ir) return;
 
-            comp.bin_file.updateFunc(mod, func_index, air, liveness) catch |err| switch (err) {
+            const lf = comp.bin_file.?;
+            lf.updateFunc(mod, func_index, air, liveness) catch |err| switch (err) {
                 error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
                 error.AnalysisFail => {
                     decl.analysis = .codegen_failure;
@@ -3488,25 +3489,29 @@ pub fn semaFile(mod: *Module, file: *File) SemaError!void {
     new_decl.owns_tv = true;
     new_decl.analysis = .complete;
 
-    if (mod.comp.whole_cache_manifest) |whole_cache_manifest| {
-        const source = file.getSource(gpa) catch |err| {
-            try reportRetryableFileError(mod, file, "unable to load source: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
-            return error.AnalysisFail;
-        };
+    const comp = mod.comp;
+    switch (comp.cache_use) {
+        .whole => |whole| if (whole.cache_manifest) |man| {
+            const source = file.getSource(gpa) catch |err| {
+                try reportRetryableFileError(mod, file, "unable to load source: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                return error.AnalysisFail;
+            };
 
-        const resolved_path = std.fs.path.resolve(gpa, &.{
-            file.mod.root.root_dir.path orelse ".",
-            file.mod.root.sub_path,
-            file.sub_file_path,
-        }) catch |err| {
-            try reportRetryableFileError(mod, file, "unable to resolve path: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
-            return error.AnalysisFail;
-        };
-        errdefer gpa.free(resolved_path);
+            const resolved_path = std.fs.path.resolve(gpa, &.{
+                file.mod.root.root_dir.path orelse ".",
+                file.mod.root.sub_path,
+                file.sub_file_path,
+            }) catch |err| {
+                try reportRetryableFileError(mod, file, "unable to resolve path: {s}", .{@errorName(err)});
+                return error.AnalysisFail;
+            };
+            errdefer gpa.free(resolved_path);
 
-        mod.comp.whole_cache_manifest_mutex.lock();
-        defer mod.comp.whole_cache_manifest_mutex.unlock();
-        try whole_cache_manifest.addFilePostContents(resolved_path, source.bytes, source.stat);
+            whole.cache_manifest_mutex.lock();
+            defer whole.cache_manifest_mutex.unlock();
+            try man.addFilePostContents(resolved_path, source.bytes, source.stat);
+        },
+        .incremental => {},
     }
 }
 
@@ -4045,12 +4050,16 @@ fn newEmbedFile(
     const actual_read = try file.readAll(ptr);
     if (actual_read != size) return error.UnexpectedEndOfFile;
 
-    if (mod.comp.whole_cache_manifest) |whole_cache_manifest| {
-        const copied_resolved_path = try gpa.dupe(u8, resolved_path);
-        errdefer gpa.free(copied_resolved_path);
-        mod.comp.whole_cache_manifest_mutex.lock();
-        defer mod.comp.whole_cache_manifest_mutex.unlock();
-        try whole_cache_manifest.addFilePostContents(copied_resolved_path, ptr, stat);
+    const comp = mod.comp;
+    switch (comp.cache_use) {
+        .whole => |whole| if (whole.cache_manifest) |man| {
+            const copied_resolved_path = try gpa.dupe(u8, resolved_path);
+            errdefer gpa.free(copied_resolved_path);
+            whole.cache_manifest_mutex.lock();
+            defer whole.cache_manifest_mutex.unlock();
+            try man.addFilePostContents(copied_resolved_path, ptr, stat);
+        },
+        .incremental => {},
     }
 
     const array_ty = try ip.get(gpa, .{ .array_type = .{
@@ -4393,7 +4402,9 @@ fn deleteDeclExports(mod: *Module, decl_index: Decl.Index) Allocator.Error!void
                 }
             },
         }
-        try mod.comp.bin_file.deleteDeclExport(decl_index, exp.opts.name);
+        if (mod.comp.bin_file) |lf| {
+            try lf.deleteDeclExport(decl_index, exp.opts.name);
+        }
         if (mod.failed_exports.fetchSwapRemove(exp)) |failed_kv| {
             failed_kv.value.destroy(mod.gpa);
         }
@@ -5247,7 +5258,8 @@ fn processExportsInner(
             gop.value_ptr.* = new_export;
         }
     }
-    mod.comp.bin_file.updateExports(mod, exported, exports) catch |err| switch (err) {
+    const lf = mod.comp.bin_file orelse return;
+    lf.updateExports(mod, exported, exports) catch |err| switch (err) {
         error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
         else => {
             const new_export = exports[0];
@@ -5403,36 +5415,39 @@ pub fn populateTestFunctions(
 pub fn linkerUpdateDecl(mod: *Module, decl_index: Decl.Index) !void {
     const comp = mod.comp;
 
-    const no_bin_file = (comp.bin_file == null and
-        comp.emit_asm == null and
-        comp.emit_llvm_ir == null and
-        comp.emit_llvm_bc == null);
-
-    const dump_llvm_ir = builtin.mode == .Debug and (comp.verbose_llvm_ir != null or comp.verbose_llvm_bc != null);
-
-    if (no_bin_file and !dump_llvm_ir) return;
-
-    const decl = mod.declPtr(decl_index);
+    if (comp.bin_file) |lf| {
+        const decl = mod.declPtr(decl_index);
+        lf.updateDecl(mod, decl_index) catch |err| switch (err) {
+            error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
+            error.AnalysisFail => {
+                decl.analysis = .codegen_failure;
+                return;
+            },
+            else => {
+                const gpa = mod.gpa;
+                try mod.failed_decls.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
+                mod.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(decl_index, try ErrorMsg.create(
+                    gpa,
+                    decl.srcLoc(mod),
+                    "unable to codegen: {s}",
+                    .{@errorName(err)},
+                ));
+                decl.analysis = .codegen_failure_retryable;
+                return;
+            },
+        };
+    } else {
+        const dump_llvm_ir = builtin.mode == .Debug and
+            (comp.verbose_llvm_ir != null or comp.verbose_llvm_bc != null);
 
-    comp.bin_file.updateDecl(mod, decl_index) catch |err| switch (err) {
-        error.OutOfMemory => return error.OutOfMemory,
-        error.AnalysisFail => {
-            decl.analysis = .codegen_failure;
-            return;
-        },
-        else => {
-            const gpa = mod.gpa;
-            try mod.failed_decls.ensureUnusedCapacity(gpa, 1);
-            mod.failed_decls.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(decl_index, try ErrorMsg.create(
-                gpa,
-                decl.srcLoc(mod),
-                "unable to codegen: {s}",
-                .{@errorName(err)},
-            ));
-            decl.analysis = .codegen_failure_retryable;
-            return;
-        },
-    };
+        if (comp.emit_asm != null or
+            comp.emit_llvm_ir != null or
+            comp.emit_llvm_bc != null or
+            dump_llvm_ir)
+        {
+            @panic("TODO handle emit_asm, emit_llvm_ir, and emit_llvm_bc along with -fno-emit-bin");
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn reportRetryableFileError(