Commit abf1795337

mlugg <mlugg@mlugg.co.uk>
2025-07-30 01:07:47
std.Build.Watch: add macOS implementation based on FSEventStream
Resolves: #21905
1 parent 7429568
Changed files (3)
lib
compiler
std
lib/compiler/build_runner.zig
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ pub fn main() !void {
         // recursive dependants.
         var caption_buf: [std.Progress.Node.max_name_len]u8 = undefined;
         const caption = std.fmt.bufPrint(&caption_buf, "watching {d} directories, {d} processes", .{
-            w.dir_table.entries.len, countSubProcesses(run.step_stack.keys()),
+            w.dir_count, countSubProcesses(run.step_stack.keys()),
         }) catch &caption_buf;
         var debouncing_node = main_progress_node.start(caption, 0);
         var in_debounce = false;
lib/std/Build/Watch/FsEvents.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+//! An implementation of file-system watching based on the `FSEventStream` API in macOS.
+//! While macOS supports kqueue, it does not allow detecting changes to files without
+//! placing watches on each individual file, meaning FD limits are reached incredibly
+//! quickly. The File System Events API works differently: it implements *recursive*
+//! directory watches, managed by a system service. Rather than being in libc, the API is
+//! exposed by the CoreServices framework. To avoid a compile dependency on the framework
+//! bundle, we dynamically load CoreServices with `std.DynLib`.
+//!
+//! While the logic in this file *is* specialized to `std.Build.Watch`, efforts have been
+//! made to keep that specialization to a minimum. Other use cases could be served with
+//! relatively minimal modifications to the `watch_paths` field and its usages (in
+//! particular the `setPaths` function). We avoid using the global GCD dispatch queue in
+//! favour of creating our own and synchronizing with an explicit semaphore, meaning this
+//! logic is thread-safe and does not affect process-global state.
+//!
+//! In theory, this API is quite good at avoiding filesystem race conditions. In practice,
+//! the logic that would avoid them is currently disabled, because the build system kind
+//! of relies on them at the time of writing to avoid redundant work -- see the comment at
+//! the top of `wait` for details.
+
+const enable_debug_logs = false;
+
+core_services: std.DynLib,
+resolved_symbols: ResolvedSymbols,
+
+paths_arena: std.heap.ArenaAllocator.State,
+/// The roots of the recursive watches. FSEvents has relatively small limits on the number
+/// of watched paths, so this slice must not be too long. The paths themselves are allocated
+/// into `paths_arena`, but this slice is allocated into the GPA.
+watch_roots: [][:0]const u8,
+/// All of the paths being watched. Value is the set of steps which depend on the file/directory.
+/// Keys and values are in `paths_arena`, but this map is allocated into the GPA.
+watch_paths: std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged([]const *std.Build.Step),
+
+/// The semaphore we use to block the thread calling `wait` until the callback determines a relevant
+/// event has occurred. This is retained across `wait` calls for simplicity and efficiency.
+waiting_semaphore: dispatch_semaphore_t,
+/// This dispatch queue is created by us and executes serially. It exists exclusively to trigger the
+/// callbacks of the FSEventStream we create. This is not in use outside of `wait`, but is retained
+/// across `wait` calls for simplicity and efficiency.
+dispatch_queue: dispatch_queue_t,
+/// In theory, this field avoids race conditions. In practice, it is essentially unused at the time
+/// of writing. See the comment at the start of `wait` for details.
+since_event: FSEventStreamEventId,
+
+/// All of the symbols we pull from the `dlopen`ed CoreServices framework. If any of these symbols
+/// is not present, `init` will close the framework and return an error.
+const ResolvedSymbols = struct {
+    FSEventStreamCreate: *const fn (
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        callback: FSEventStreamCallback,
+        ctx: ?*const FSEventStreamContext,
+        paths_to_watch: CFArrayRef,
+        since_when: FSEventStreamEventId,
+        latency: CFTimeInterval,
+        flags: FSEventStreamCreateFlags,
+    ) callconv(.c) FSEventStreamRef,
+    FSEventStreamSetDispatchQueue: *const fn (stream: FSEventStreamRef, queue: dispatch_queue_t) callconv(.c) void,
+    FSEventStreamStart: *const fn (stream: FSEventStreamRef) callconv(.c) bool,
+    FSEventStreamStop: *const fn (stream: FSEventStreamRef) callconv(.c) void,
+    FSEventStreamInvalidate: *const fn (stream: FSEventStreamRef) callconv(.c) void,
+    FSEventStreamRelease: *const fn (stream: FSEventStreamRef) callconv(.c) void,
+    FSEventStreamGetLatestEventId: *const fn (stream: ConstFSEventStreamRef) callconv(.c) FSEventStreamEventId,
+    FSEventsGetCurrentEventId: *const fn () callconv(.c) FSEventStreamEventId,
+    CFRelease: *const fn (cf: *const anyopaque) callconv(.c) void,
+    CFArrayCreate: *const fn (
+        allocator: CFAllocatorRef,
+        values: [*]const usize,
+        num_values: CFIndex,
+        call_backs: ?*const CFArrayCallBacks,
+    ) callconv(.c) CFArrayRef,
+    CFStringCreateWithCString: *const fn (
+        alloc: CFAllocatorRef,
+        c_str: [*:0]const u8,
+        encoding: CFStringEncoding,
+    ) callconv(.c) CFStringRef,
+    CFAllocatorCreate: *const fn (allocator: CFAllocatorRef, context: *const CFAllocatorContext) callconv(.c) CFAllocatorRef,
+    kCFAllocatorUseContext: *const CFAllocatorRef,
+};
+
+pub fn init() error{ OpenFrameworkFailed, MissingCoreServicesSymbol }!FsEvents {
+    var core_services = std.DynLib.open("/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/CoreServices") catch
+        return error.OpenFrameworkFailed;
+    errdefer core_services.close();
+
+    var resolved_symbols: ResolvedSymbols = undefined;
+    inline for (@typeInfo(ResolvedSymbols).@"struct".fields) |f| {
+        @field(resolved_symbols, f.name) = core_services.lookup(f.type, f.name) orelse return error.MissingCoreServicesSymbol;
+    }
+
+    return .{
+        .core_services = core_services,
+        .resolved_symbols = resolved_symbols,
+        .paths_arena = .{},
+        .watch_roots = &.{},
+        .watch_paths = .empty,
+        .waiting_semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0),
+        .dispatch_queue = dispatch_queue_create("zig-watch", .SERIAL),
+        // Not `.since_now`, because this means we can init `FsEvents` *before* we do work in order
+        // to notice any changes which happened during said work.
+        .since_event = resolved_symbols.FSEventsGetCurrentEventId(),
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn deinit(fse: *FsEvents, gpa: Allocator) void {
+    dispatch_release(fse.waiting_semaphore);
+    dispatch_release(fse.dispatch_queue);
+    fse.core_services.close();
+
+    gpa.free(fse.watch_roots);
+    fse.watch_paths.deinit(gpa);
+    {
+        var paths_arena = fse.paths_arena.promote(gpa);
+        paths_arena.deinit();
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn setPaths(fse: *FsEvents, gpa: Allocator, steps: []const *std.Build.Step) !void {
+    var paths_arena_instance = fse.paths_arena.promote(gpa);
+    defer fse.paths_arena = paths_arena_instance.state;
+    const paths_arena = paths_arena_instance.allocator();
+
+    const cwd_path = try std.process.getCwdAlloc(gpa);
+    defer gpa.free(cwd_path);
+
+    var need_dirs: std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(void) = .empty;
+    defer need_dirs.deinit(gpa);
+
+    fse.watch_paths.clearRetainingCapacity();
+
+    // We take `step` by pointer for a slight memory optimization in a moment.
+    for (steps) |*step| {
+        for (step.*.inputs.table.keys(), step.*.inputs.table.values()) |path, *files| {
+            const resolved_dir = try std.fs.path.resolvePosix(paths_arena, &.{ cwd_path, path.root_dir.path orelse ".", path.sub_path });
+            try need_dirs.put(gpa, resolved_dir, {});
+            for (files.items) |file_name| {
+                const watch_path = if (std.mem.eql(u8, file_name, "."))
+                    resolved_dir
+                else
+                    try std.fs.path.join(paths_arena, &.{ resolved_dir, file_name });
+                const gop = try fse.watch_paths.getOrPut(gpa, watch_path);
+                if (gop.found_existing) {
+                    const old_steps = gop.value_ptr.*;
+                    const new_steps = try paths_arena.alloc(*std.Build.Step, old_steps.len + 1);
+                    @memcpy(new_steps[0..old_steps.len], old_steps);
+                    new_steps[old_steps.len] = step.*;
+                    gop.value_ptr.* = new_steps;
+                } else {
+                    // This is why we captured `step` by pointer! We can avoid allocating a slice of one
+                    // step in the arena in the common case where a file is referenced by only one step.
+                    gop.value_ptr.* = step[0..1];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        // There's no point looking at directories inside other ones (e.g. "/foo" and "/foo/bar").
+        // To eliminate these, we'll re-add directories in order of path length with a redundancy check.
+        const old_dirs = try gpa.dupe([]const u8, need_dirs.keys());
+        defer gpa.free(old_dirs);
+        std.mem.sort([]const u8, old_dirs, {}, struct {
+            fn lessThan(ctx: void, a: []const u8, b: []const u8) bool {
+                ctx;
+                return std.mem.lessThan(u8, a, b);
+            }
+        }.lessThan);
+        need_dirs.clearRetainingCapacity();
+        for (old_dirs) |dir_path| {
+            var it: std.fs.path.ComponentIterator(.posix, u8) = try .init(dir_path);
+            while (it.next()) |component| {
+                if (need_dirs.contains(component.path)) {
+                    // this path is '/foo/bar/qux', but '/foo' or '/foo/bar' was already added
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                need_dirs.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(dir_path, {});
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // `need_dirs` is now a set of directories to watch with no redundancy. In practice, this is very
+    // likely to have reduced it to a quite small set (e.g. it'll typically coalesce a full `src/`
+    // directory into one entry). However, the FSEventStream API has a fairly low undocumented limit
+    // on total watches (supposedly 4096), so we should handle the case where we exceed it. To be
+    // safe, because this API can be a little unpredictable, we'll cap ourselves a little *below*
+    // that known limit.
+    if (need_dirs.count() > 2048) {
+        // Fallback: watch the whole filesystem. This is excessive, but... it *works* :P
+        if (enable_debug_logs) watch_log.debug("too many dirs; recursively watching root", .{});
+        fse.watch_roots = try gpa.realloc(fse.watch_roots, 1);
+        fse.watch_roots[0] = "/";
+    } else {
+        fse.watch_roots = try gpa.realloc(fse.watch_roots, need_dirs.count());
+        for (fse.watch_roots, need_dirs.keys()) |*out, in| {
+            out.* = try paths_arena.dupeZ(u8, in);
+        }
+    }
+    if (enable_debug_logs) {
+        watch_log.debug("watching {d} paths using {d} recursive watches:", .{ fse.watch_paths.count(), fse.watch_roots.len });
+        for (fse.watch_roots) |dir_path| {
+            watch_log.debug("- '{s}'", .{dir_path});
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn wait(fse: *FsEvents, gpa: Allocator, timeout_ns: ?u64) error{ OutOfMemory, StartFailed }!std.Build.Watch.WaitResult {
+    if (fse.watch_roots.len == 0) @panic("nothing to watch");
+
+    const rs = fse.resolved_symbols;
+
+    // At the time of writing, using `since_event` in the obvious way causes redundant rebuilds
+    // to occur, because one step modifies a file which is an input to another step. The solution
+    // to this problem will probably be either:
+    //
+    // a) Don't include the output of one step as a watch input of another; only mark external
+    //    files as watch inputs. Or...
+    //
+    // b) Note the current event ID when a step begins, and disregard events preceding that ID
+    //    when considering whether to dirty that step in `eventCallback`.
+    //
+    // For now, to avoid the redundant rebuilds, we bypass this `since_event` mechanism. This does
+    // introduce race conditions, but the other `std.Build.Watch` implementations suffer from those
+    // too at the time of writing, so this is kind of expected.
+    fse.since_event = .since_now;
+
+    const cf_allocator = rs.CFAllocatorCreate(rs.kCFAllocatorUseContext.*, &.{
+        .version = 0,
+        .info = @constCast(&gpa),
+        .retain = null,
+        .release = null,
+        .copy_description = null,
+        .allocate = &cf_alloc_callbacks.allocate,
+        .reallocate = &cf_alloc_callbacks.reallocate,
+        .deallocate = &cf_alloc_callbacks.deallocate,
+        .preferred_size = null,
+    }) orelse return error.OutOfMemory;
+    defer rs.CFRelease(cf_allocator);
+
+    const cf_paths = try gpa.alloc(?CFStringRef, fse.watch_roots.len);
+    @memset(cf_paths, null);
+    defer {
+        for (cf_paths) |o| if (o) |p| rs.CFRelease(p);
+        gpa.free(cf_paths);
+    }
+    for (fse.watch_roots, cf_paths) |raw_path, *cf_path| {
+        cf_path.* = rs.CFStringCreateWithCString(cf_allocator, raw_path, .utf8);
+    }
+    const cf_paths_array = rs.CFArrayCreate(cf_allocator, @ptrCast(cf_paths), @intCast(cf_paths.len), null);
+    defer rs.CFRelease(cf_paths_array);
+
+    const callback_ctx: EventCallbackCtx = .{
+        .fse = fse,
+        .gpa = gpa,
+    };
+    const event_stream = rs.FSEventStreamCreate(
+        null,
+        &eventCallback,
+        &.{
+            .version = 0,
+            .info = @constCast(&callback_ctx),
+            .retain = null,
+            .release = null,
+            .copy_description = null,
+        },
+        cf_paths_array,
+        fse.since_event,
+        0.05, // 0.05s latency; higher values increase efficiency by coalescing more events
+        .{ .watch_root = true, .file_events = true },
+    );
+    defer rs.FSEventStreamRelease(event_stream);
+    rs.FSEventStreamSetDispatchQueue(event_stream, fse.dispatch_queue);
+    defer rs.FSEventStreamInvalidate(event_stream);
+    if (!rs.FSEventStreamStart(event_stream)) return error.StartFailed;
+    defer rs.FSEventStreamStop(event_stream);
+    const result = dispatch_semaphore_wait(fse.waiting_semaphore, timeout: {
+        const ns = timeout_ns orelse break :timeout .forever;
+        break :timeout dispatch_time(.now, @intCast(ns));
+    });
+    return switch (result) {
+        0 => .dirty,
+        else => .timeout,
+    };
+}
+
+const cf_alloc_callbacks = struct {
+    const log = std.log.scoped(.cf_alloc);
+    fn allocate(size: CFIndex, hint: CFOptionFlags, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) ?*const anyopaque {
+        if (enable_debug_logs) log.debug("allocate {d}", .{size});
+        _ = hint;
+        const gpa: *const Allocator = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info));
+        const mem = gpa.alignedAlloc(u8, .of(usize), @intCast(size + @sizeOf(usize))) catch return null;
+        const metadata: *usize = @ptrCast(mem);
+        metadata.* = @intCast(size);
+        return mem[@sizeOf(usize)..].ptr;
+    }
+    fn reallocate(ptr: ?*anyopaque, new_size: CFIndex, hint: CFOptionFlags, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) ?*const anyopaque {
+        if (enable_debug_logs) log.debug("reallocate @{*} {d}", .{ ptr, new_size });
+        _ = hint;
+        if (ptr == null or new_size == 0) return null; // not a bug: documentation explicitly states that realloc on NULL should return NULL
+        const gpa: *const Allocator = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info));
+        const old_base: [*]align(@alignOf(usize)) u8 = @alignCast(@as([*]u8, @ptrCast(ptr)) - @sizeOf(usize));
+        const old_size = @as(*const usize, @ptrCast(old_base)).*;
+        const old_mem = old_base[0 .. old_size + @sizeOf(usize)];
+        const new_mem = gpa.realloc(old_mem, @intCast(new_size + @sizeOf(usize))) catch return null;
+        const metadata: *usize = @ptrCast(new_mem);
+        metadata.* = @intCast(new_size);
+        return new_mem[@sizeOf(usize)..].ptr;
+    }
+    fn deallocate(ptr: *anyopaque, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) void {
+        if (enable_debug_logs) log.debug("deallocate @{*}", .{ptr});
+        const gpa: *const Allocator = @ptrCast(@alignCast(info));
+        const old_base: [*]align(@alignOf(usize)) u8 = @alignCast(@as([*]u8, @ptrCast(ptr)) - @sizeOf(usize));
+        const old_size = @as(*const usize, @ptrCast(old_base)).*;
+        const old_mem = old_base[0 .. old_size + @sizeOf(usize)];
+        gpa.free(old_mem);
+    }
+};
+
+const EventCallbackCtx = struct {
+    fse: *FsEvents,
+    gpa: Allocator,
+};
+
+fn eventCallback(
+    stream: ConstFSEventStreamRef,
+    client_callback_info: ?*anyopaque,
+    num_events: usize,
+    events_paths_ptr: *anyopaque,
+    events_flags_ptr: [*]const FSEventStreamEventFlags,
+    events_ids_ptr: [*]const FSEventStreamEventId,
+) callconv(.c) void {
+    const ctx: *const EventCallbackCtx = @ptrCast(@alignCast(client_callback_info));
+    const fse = ctx.fse;
+    const gpa = ctx.gpa;
+    const rs = fse.resolved_symbols;
+    const events_paths_ptr_casted: [*]const [*:0]const u8 = @ptrCast(@alignCast(events_paths_ptr));
+    const events_paths = events_paths_ptr_casted[0..num_events];
+    const events_ids = events_ids_ptr[0..num_events];
+    const events_flags = events_flags_ptr[0..num_events];
+    var any_dirty = false;
+    for (events_paths, events_ids, events_flags) |event_path_nts, event_id, event_flags| {
+        _ = event_id;
+        if (event_flags.history_done) continue; // sentinel
+        const event_path = std.mem.span(event_path_nts);
+        switch (event_flags.must_scan_sub_dirs) {
+            false => {
+                if (fse.watch_paths.get(event_path)) |steps| {
+                    assert(steps.len > 0);
+                    for (steps) |s| dirtyStep(s, gpa, &any_dirty);
+                }
+                if (std.fs.path.dirname(event_path)) |event_dirname| {
+                    // Modifying '/foo/bar' triggers the watch on '/foo'.
+                    if (fse.watch_paths.get(event_dirname)) |steps| {
+                        assert(steps.len > 0);
+                        for (steps) |s| dirtyStep(s, gpa, &any_dirty);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            true => {
+                // This is unlikely, but can occasionally happen when bottlenecked: events have been
+                // coalesced into one. We want to see if any of these events are actually relevant
+                // to us. The only way we can reasonably do that in this rare edge case is iterate
+                // the watch paths and see if any is under this directory. That's acceptable because
+                // we would otherwise kick off a rebuild which would be clearing those paths anyway.
+                const changed_path = std.fs.path.dirname(event_path) orelse event_path;
+                for (fse.watch_paths.keys(), fse.watch_paths.values()) |watching_path, steps| {
+                    if (dirStartsWith(watching_path, changed_path)) {
+                        for (steps) |s| dirtyStep(s, gpa, &any_dirty);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    }
+    if (any_dirty) {
+        fse.since_event = rs.FSEventStreamGetLatestEventId(stream);
+        _ = dispatch_semaphore_signal(fse.waiting_semaphore);
+    }
+}
+fn dirtyStep(s: *std.Build.Step, gpa: Allocator, any_dirty: *bool) void {
+    if (s.state == .precheck_done) return;
+    s.recursiveReset(gpa);
+    any_dirty.* = true;
+}
+fn dirStartsWith(path: []const u8, prefix: []const u8) bool {
+    if (std.mem.eql(u8, path, prefix)) return true;
+    if (!std.mem.startsWith(u8, path, prefix)) return false;
+    if (path[prefix.len] != '/') return false; // `path` is `/foo/barx`, `prefix` is `/foo/bar`
+    return true; // `path` is `/foo/bar/...`, `prefix` is `/foo/bar`
+}
+
+const dispatch_time_t = enum(u64) {
+    now = 0,
+    forever = std.math.maxInt(u64),
+    _,
+};
+extern fn dispatch_time(base: dispatch_time_t, delta_ns: i64) dispatch_time_t;
+
+const dispatch_semaphore_t = *opaque {};
+extern fn dispatch_semaphore_create(value: isize) dispatch_semaphore_t;
+extern fn dispatch_semaphore_wait(dsema: dispatch_semaphore_t, timeout: dispatch_time_t) isize;
+extern fn dispatch_semaphore_signal(dsema: dispatch_semaphore_t) isize;
+
+const dispatch_queue_t = *opaque {};
+const dispatch_queue_attr_t = ?*opaque {
+    const SERIAL: dispatch_queue_attr_t = null;
+};
+extern fn dispatch_queue_create(label: [*:0]const u8, attr: dispatch_queue_attr_t) dispatch_queue_t;
+extern fn dispatch_release(object: *anyopaque) void;
+
+const CFAllocatorRef = ?*const opaque {};
+const CFArrayRef = *const opaque {};
+const CFStringRef = *const opaque {};
+const CFTimeInterval = f64;
+const CFIndex = i32;
+const CFOptionFlags = enum(u32) { _ };
+const CFAllocatorRetainCallBack = *const fn (info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) *const anyopaque;
+const CFAllocatorReleaseCallBack = *const fn (info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) void;
+const CFAllocatorCopyDescriptionCallBack = *const fn (info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) CFStringRef;
+const CFAllocatorAllocateCallBack = *const fn (alloc_size: CFIndex, hint: CFOptionFlags, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) ?*const anyopaque;
+const CFAllocatorReallocateCallBack = *const fn (ptr: ?*anyopaque, new_size: CFIndex, hint: CFOptionFlags, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) ?*const anyopaque;
+const CFAllocatorDeallocateCallBack = *const fn (ptr: *anyopaque, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) void;
+const CFAllocatorPreferredSizeCallBack = *const fn (size: CFIndex, hint: CFOptionFlags, info: ?*const anyopaque) callconv(.c) CFIndex;
+const CFAllocatorContext = extern struct {
+    version: CFIndex,
+    info: ?*anyopaque,
+    retain: ?CFAllocatorRetainCallBack,
+    release: ?CFAllocatorReleaseCallBack,
+    copy_description: ?CFAllocatorCopyDescriptionCallBack,
+    allocate: CFAllocatorAllocateCallBack,
+    reallocate: ?CFAllocatorReallocateCallBack,
+    deallocate: ?CFAllocatorDeallocateCallBack,
+    preferred_size: ?CFAllocatorPreferredSizeCallBack,
+};
+const CFArrayCallBacks = opaque {};
+const CFStringEncoding = enum(u32) {
+    invalid_id = std.math.maxInt(u32),
+    mac_roman = 0,
+    windows_latin_1 = 0x500,
+    iso_latin_1 = 0x201,
+    next_step_latin = 0xB01,
+    ascii = 0x600,
+    unicode = 0x100,
+    utf8 = 0x8000100,
+    non_lossy_ascii = 0xBFF,
+};
+
+const FSEventStreamRef = *opaque {};
+const ConstFSEventStreamRef = *const @typeInfo(FSEventStreamRef).pointer.child;
+const FSEventStreamCallback = *const fn (
+    stream: ConstFSEventStreamRef,
+    client_callback_info: ?*anyopaque,
+    num_events: usize,
+    event_paths: *anyopaque,
+    event_flags: [*]const FSEventStreamEventFlags,
+    event_ids: [*]const FSEventStreamEventId,
+) callconv(.c) void;
+const FSEventStreamContext = extern struct {
+    version: CFIndex,
+    info: ?*anyopaque,
+    retain: ?CFAllocatorRetainCallBack,
+    release: ?CFAllocatorReleaseCallBack,
+    copy_description: ?CFAllocatorCopyDescriptionCallBack,
+};
+const FSEventStreamEventId = enum(u64) {
+    since_now = std.math.maxInt(u64),
+    _,
+};
+const FSEventStreamCreateFlags = packed struct(u32) {
+    use_cf_types: bool = false,
+    no_defer: bool = false,
+    watch_root: bool = false,
+    ignore_self: bool = false,
+    file_events: bool = false,
+    _: u27 = 0,
+};
+const FSEventStreamEventFlags = packed struct(u32) {
+    must_scan_sub_dirs: bool,
+    user_dropped: bool,
+    kernel_dropped: bool,
+    event_ids_wrapped: bool,
+    history_done: bool,
+    root_changed: bool,
+    mount: bool,
+    unmount: bool,
+    _: u24 = 0,
+};
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
+const watch_log = std.log.scoped(.watch);
+const FsEvents = @This();
lib/std/Build/Watch.zig
@@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
 const builtin = @import("builtin");
 const std = @import("../std.zig");
-const Watch = @This();
 const Step = std.Build.Step;
 const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const fatal = std.process.fatal;
+const Watch = @This();
+const FsEvents = @import("Watch/FsEvents.zig");
 
-dir_table: DirTable,
 os: Os,
+/// The number to show as the number of directories being watched.
+dir_count: usize,
+// These fields are common to most implementations so are kept here for simplicity.
+// They are `undefined` on implementations which do not utilize then.
+dir_table: DirTable,
 generation: Generation,
 
 pub const have_impl = Os != void;
@@ -97,6 +102,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
         fn init() !Watch {
             return .{
                 .dir_table = .{},
+                .dir_count = 0,
                 .os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
                     .linux => .{
                         .handle_table = .{},
@@ -273,6 +279,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
                 }
                 w.generation +%= 1;
             }
+            w.dir_count = w.dir_table.count();
         }
 
         fn wait(w: *Watch, gpa: Allocator, timeout: Timeout) !WaitResult {
@@ -408,6 +415,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
         fn init() !Watch {
             return .{
                 .dir_table = .{},
+                .dir_count = 0,
                 .os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
                     .windows => .{
                         .handle_table = .{},
@@ -572,6 +580,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
                 }
                 w.generation +%= 1;
             }
+            w.dir_count = w.dir_table.count();
         }
 
         fn wait(w: *Watch, gpa: Allocator, timeout: Timeout) !WaitResult {
@@ -605,7 +614,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
             };
         }
     },
-    .dragonfly, .freebsd, .netbsd, .openbsd, .ios, .macos, .tvos, .visionos, .watchos => struct {
+    .dragonfly, .freebsd, .netbsd, .openbsd, .ios, .tvos, .visionos, .watchos => struct {
         const posix = std.posix;
 
         kq_fd: i32,
@@ -639,6 +648,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
             errdefer posix.close(kq_fd);
             return .{
                 .dir_table = .{},
+                .dir_count = 0,
                 .os = .{
                     .kq_fd = kq_fd,
                     .handles = .empty,
@@ -769,6 +779,7 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
                 }
                 w.generation +%= 1;
             }
+            w.dir_count = w.dir_table.count();
         }
 
         fn wait(w: *Watch, gpa: Allocator, timeout: Timeout) !WaitResult {
@@ -812,6 +823,28 @@ const Os = switch (builtin.os.tag) {
             return any_dirty;
         }
     },
+    .macos => struct {
+        fse: FsEvents,
+
+        fn init() !Watch {
+            return .{
+                .os = .{ .fse = try .init() },
+                .dir_count = 0,
+                .dir_table = undefined,
+                .generation = undefined,
+            };
+        }
+        fn update(w: *Watch, gpa: Allocator, steps: []const *Step) !void {
+            try w.os.fse.setPaths(gpa, steps);
+            w.dir_count = w.os.fse.watch_roots.len;
+        }
+        fn wait(w: *Watch, gpa: Allocator, timeout: Timeout) !WaitResult {
+            return w.os.fse.wait(gpa, switch (timeout) {
+                .none => null,
+                .ms => |ms| @as(u64, ms) * std.time.ns_per_ms,
+            });
+        }
+    },
     else => void,
 };