Commit a72b9d403d

Lachlan Easton <lachlan@lakebythewoods.xyz>
2020-08-29 03:02:22
Refactor zig fmt indentation. Remove indent from rendering code and have a stream handle automatic indentation
1 parent 3750cc0
lib/std/io/auto_indenting_stream.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+const std = @import("../std.zig");
+const io = std.io;
+const mem = std.mem;
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+
+pub fn AutoIndentingStream(comptime indent_delta: u8, comptime OutStreamType: type) type {
+    return struct {
+        const Self = @This();
+        pub const Error = OutStreamType.Error;
+        pub const OutStream = io.Writer(*Self, Error, write);
+
+        out_stream: *OutStreamType,
+        current_line_empty: bool = true,
+        indent_stack: [255]u8 = undefined,
+        indent_stack_top: u8 = 0,
+        indent_one_shot_count: u8 = 0, // automatically popped when applied
+        applied_indent: u8 = 0, // the most recently applied indent
+        indent_next_line: u8 = 0, // not used until the next line
+
+        pub fn init(out_stream: *OutStreamType) Self {
+            return Self{ .out_stream = out_stream };
+        }
+
+        pub fn writer(self: *Self) OutStream {
+            return .{ .context = self };
+        }
+
+        pub fn write(self: *Self, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
+            if (bytes.len == 0)
+                return @as(usize, 0);
+
+            try self.applyIndent();
+            return self.writeNoIndent(bytes);
+        }
+
+        fn writeNoIndent(self: *Self, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
+            try self.out_stream.outStream().writeAll(bytes);
+            if (bytes[bytes.len - 1] == '\n')
+                self.resetLine();
+            return bytes.len;
+        }
+
+        pub fn insertNewline(self: *Self) Error!void {
+            _ = try self.writeNoIndent("\n");
+        }
+
+        fn resetLine(self: *Self) void {
+            self.current_line_empty = true;
+            self.indent_next_line = 0;
+        }
+
+        /// Insert a newline unless the current line is blank
+        pub fn maybeInsertNewline(self: *Self) Error!void {
+            if (!self.current_line_empty)
+                try self.insertNewline();
+        }
+
+        /// Push default indentation
+        pub fn pushIndent(self: *Self) void {
+            // Doesn't actually write any indentation. Just primes the stream to be able to write the correct indentation if it needs to.
+            self.pushIndentN(indent_delta);
+        }
+
+        /// Push an indent of arbitrary width
+        pub fn pushIndentN(self: *Self, n: u8) void {
+            assert(self.indent_stack_top < std.math.maxInt(u8));
+            self.indent_stack[self.indent_stack_top] = n;
+            self.indent_stack_top += 1;
+        }
+
+        /// Push an indent that is automatically popped after being applied
+        pub fn pushIndentOneShot(self: *Self) void {
+            self.indent_one_shot_count += 1;
+            self.pushIndent();
+        }
+
+        /// Turns all one-shot indents into regular indents
+        /// Returns number of indents that must now be manually popped
+        pub fn lockOneShotIndent(self: *Self) u8 {
+            var locked_count = self.indent_one_shot_count;
+            self.indent_one_shot_count = 0;
+            return locked_count;
+        }
+
+        /// Push an indent that should not take effect until the next line
+        pub fn pushIndentNextLine(self: *Self) void {
+            self.indent_next_line += 1;
+            self.pushIndent();
+        }
+
+        pub fn popIndent(self: *Self) void {
+            assert(self.indent_stack_top != 0);
+            self.indent_stack_top -= 1;
+            self.indent_next_line = std.math.min(self.indent_stack_top, self.indent_next_line); // Tentative indent may have been popped before there was a newline
+        }
+
+        /// Writes ' ' bytes if the current line is empty
+        fn applyIndent(self: *Self) Error!void {
+            const current_indent = self.currentIndent();
+            if (self.current_line_empty and current_indent > 0) {
+                try self.out_stream.outStream().writeByteNTimes(' ', current_indent);
+                self.applied_indent = current_indent;
+            }
+
+            self.indent_stack_top -= self.indent_one_shot_count;
+            self.indent_one_shot_count = 0;
+            self.current_line_empty = false;
+        }
+
+        /// Checks to see if the most recent indentation exceeds the currently pushed indents
+        pub fn isLineOverIndented(self: *Self) bool {
+            if (self.current_line_empty) return false;
+            return self.applied_indent > self.currentIndent();
+        }
+
+        fn currentIndent(self: *Self) u8 {
+            var indent_current: u8 = 0;
+            if (self.indent_stack_top > 0) {
+                const stack_top = self.indent_stack_top - self.indent_next_line;
+                for (self.indent_stack[0..stack_top]) |indent| {
+                    indent_current += indent;
+                }
+            }
+            return indent_current;
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn autoIndentingStream(
+    comptime indent_delta: u8,
+    underlying_stream: anytype,
+) AutoIndentingStream(indent_delta, @TypeOf(underlying_stream).Child) {
+    comptime assert(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(underlying_stream)) == .Pointer);
+    return AutoIndentingStream(indent_delta, @TypeOf(underlying_stream).Child).init(underlying_stream);
+}
lib/std/io/change_detection_stream.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+const std = @import("../std.zig");
+const io = std.io;
+const mem = std.mem;
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+
+pub fn ChangeDetectionStream(comptime OutStreamType: type) type {
+    return struct {
+        const Self = @This();
+        pub const Error = OutStreamType.Error;
+        pub const OutStream = io.OutStream(*Self, Error, write);
+
+        anything_changed: bool = false,
+        out_stream: *OutStreamType,
+        source_index: usize,
+        source: []const u8,
+
+        pub fn init(source: []const u8, out_stream: *OutStreamType) Self {
+            return Self{
+                .out_stream = out_stream,
+                .source_index = 0,
+                .source = source,
+            };
+        }
+
+        pub fn outStream(self: *Self) OutStream {
+            return .{ .context = self };
+        }
+
+        fn write(self: *Self, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
+            if (!self.anything_changed) {
+                const end = self.source_index + bytes.len;
+                if (end > self.source.len) {
+                    self.anything_changed = true;
+                } else {
+                    const src_slice = self.source[self.source_index..end];
+                    self.source_index += bytes.len;
+                    if (!mem.eql(u8, bytes, src_slice)) {
+                        self.anything_changed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return self.out_stream.write(bytes);
+        }
+
+        pub fn changeDetected(self: *Self) bool {
+            return self.anything_changed or (self.source_index != self.source.len);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+pub fn changeDetectionStream(
+    source: []const u8,
+    underlying_stream: anytype,
+) ChangeDetectionStream(@TypeOf(underlying_stream).Child) {
+    comptime assert(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(underlying_stream)) == .Pointer);
+    return ChangeDetectionStream(@TypeOf(underlying_stream).Child).init(source, underlying_stream);
+}
lib/std/io/find_byte_out_stream.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+const std = @import("../std.zig");
+const io = std.io;
+const assert = std.debug.assert;
+
+// An OutStream that returns whether the given character has been written to it.
+// The contents are not written to anything.
+pub fn FindByteOutStream(comptime OutStreamType: type) type {
+    return struct {
+        const Self = @This();
+        pub const Error = OutStreamType.Error;
+        pub const OutStream = io.OutStream(*Self, Error, write);
+
+        out_stream: *OutStreamType,
+        byte_found: bool,
+        byte: u8,
+
+        pub fn init(byte: u8, out_stream: *OutStreamType) Self {
+            return Self{
+                .out_stream = out_stream,
+                .byte = byte,
+                .byte_found = false,
+            };
+        }
+
+        pub fn outStream(self: *Self) OutStream {
+            return .{ .context = self };
+        }
+
+        fn write(self: *Self, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
+            if (!self.byte_found) {
+                self.byte_found = blk: {
+                    for (bytes) |b|
+                        if (b == self.byte) break :blk true;
+                    break :blk false;
+                };
+            }
+            return self.out_stream.writer().write(bytes);
+        }
+    };
+}
+pub fn findByteOutStream(byte: u8, underlying_stream: anytype) FindByteOutStream(@TypeOf(underlying_stream).Child) {
+    comptime assert(@typeInfo(@TypeOf(underlying_stream)) == .Pointer);
+    return FindByteOutStream(@TypeOf(underlying_stream).Child).init(byte, underlying_stream);
+}
lib/std/io/writer.zig
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ pub fn Writer(
         const Self = @This();
         pub const Error = WriteError;
 
+        pub fn writer(self: *const Self) Self {
+            return self.*;
+        }
+
         pub fn write(self: Self, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
             return writeFn(self.context, bytes);
         }
lib/std/zig/parser_test.zig
@@ -615,6 +615,17 @@ test "zig fmt: infix operator and then multiline string literal" {
     );
 }
 
+test "zig fmt: infix operator and then multiline string literal" {
+    try testCanonical(
+        \\const x = "" ++
+        \\    \\ hi0
+        \\    \\ hi1
+        \\    \\ hi2
+        \\;
+        \\
+    );
+}
+
 test "zig fmt: C pointers" {
     try testCanonical(
         \\const Ptr = [*c]i32;
@@ -885,6 +896,28 @@ test "zig fmt: 2nd arg multiline string" {
     );
 }
 
+test "zig fmt: 2nd arg multiline string many args" {
+    try testCanonical(
+        \\comptime {
+        \\    cases.addAsm("hello world linux x86_64",
+        \\        \\.text
+        \\    , "Hello, world!\n", "Hello, world!\n");
+        \\}
+        \\
+    );
+}
+
+test "zig fmt: final arg multiline string" {
+    try testCanonical(
+        \\comptime {
+        \\    cases.addAsm("hello world linux x86_64", "Hello, world!\n",
+        \\        \\.text
+        \\    );
+        \\}
+        \\
+    );
+}
+
 test "zig fmt: if condition wraps" {
     try testTransform(
         \\comptime {
@@ -915,6 +948,11 @@ test "zig fmt: if condition wraps" {
         \\    var a = if (a) |*f| x: {
         \\        break :x &a.b;
         \\    } else |err| err;
+        \\    var a = if (cond and
+        \\                cond) |*f|
+        \\    x: {
+        \\        break :x &a.b;
+        \\    } else |err| err;
         \\}
     ,
         \\comptime {
@@ -951,6 +989,35 @@ test "zig fmt: if condition wraps" {
         \\    var a = if (a) |*f| x: {
         \\        break :x &a.b;
         \\    } else |err| err;
+        \\    var a = if (cond and
+        \\        cond) |*f|
+        \\    x: {
+        \\        break :x &a.b;
+        \\    } else |err| err;
+        \\}
+        \\
+    );
+}
+
+test "zig fmt: if condition has line break but must not wrap" {
+    try testCanonical(
+        \\comptime {
+        \\    if (self.user_input_options.put(
+        \\        name,
+        \\        UserInputOption{
+        \\            .name = name,
+        \\            .used = false,
+        \\        },
+        \\    ) catch unreachable) |*prev_value| {
+        \\        foo();
+        \\        bar();
+        \\    }
+        \\    if (put(
+        \\        a,
+        \\        b,
+        \\    )) {
+        \\        foo();
+        \\    }
         \\}
         \\
     );
@@ -977,6 +1044,18 @@ test "zig fmt: if condition has line break but must not wrap" {
     );
 }
 
+test "zig fmt: function call with multiline argument" {
+    try testCanonical(
+        \\comptime {
+        \\    self.user_input_options.put(name, UserInputOption{
+        \\        .name = name,
+        \\        .used = false,
+        \\    });
+        \\}
+        \\
+    );
+}
+
 test "zig fmt: same-line doc comment on variable declaration" {
     try testTransform(
         \\pub const MAP_ANONYMOUS = 0x1000; /// allocated from memory, swap space
@@ -1228,7 +1307,7 @@ test "zig fmt: array literal with hint" {
         \\const a = []u8{
         \\    1, 2,
         \\    3, //
-        \\        4,
+        \\    4,
         \\    5, 6,
         \\    7,
         \\};
@@ -1293,7 +1372,7 @@ test "zig fmt: multiline string parameter in fn call with trailing comma" {
         \\        \\ZIG_C_HEADER_FILES   {}
         \\        \\ZIG_DIA_GUIDS_LIB    {}
         \\        \\
-        \\    ,
+        \\        ,
         \\        std.cstr.toSliceConst(c.ZIG_CMAKE_BINARY_DIR),
         \\        std.cstr.toSliceConst(c.ZIG_CXX_COMPILER),
         \\        std.cstr.toSliceConst(c.ZIG_DIA_GUIDS_LIB),
@@ -2885,20 +2964,20 @@ test "zig fmt: multiline string in array" {
     try testCanonical(
         \\const Foo = [][]const u8{
         \\    \\aaa
-        \\,
+        \\    ,
         \\    \\bbb
         \\};
         \\
         \\fn bar() void {
         \\    const Foo = [][]const u8{
         \\        \\aaa
-        \\    ,
+        \\        ,
         \\        \\bbb
         \\    };
         \\    const Bar = [][]const u8{ // comment here
         \\        \\aaa
         \\        \\
-        \\    , // and another comment can go here
+        \\        , // and another comment can go here
         \\        \\bbb
         \\    };
         \\}
@@ -3214,6 +3293,23 @@ test "zig fmt: C var args" {
     );
 }
 
+test "zig fmt: Only indent multiline string literals in function calls" {
+    try testCanonical(
+        \\test "zig fmt:" {
+        \\    try testTransform(
+        \\        \\const X = struct {
+        \\        \\    foo: i32, bar: i8 };
+        \\    ,
+        \\        \\const X = struct {
+        \\        \\    foo: i32, bar: i8
+        \\        \\};
+        \\        \\
+        \\    );
+        \\}
+        \\
+    );
+}
+
 const std = @import("std");
 const mem = std.mem;
 const warn = std.debug.warn;
@@ -3256,7 +3352,8 @@ fn testParse(source: []const u8, allocator: *mem.Allocator, anything_changed: *b
     var buffer = std.ArrayList(u8).init(allocator);
     errdefer buffer.deinit();
 
-    anything_changed.* = try std.zig.render(allocator, buffer.outStream(), tree);
+    const outStream = buffer.outStream();
+    anything_changed.* = try std.zig.render(allocator, &outStream, tree);
     return buffer.toOwnedSlice();
 }
 fn testTransform(source: []const u8, expected_source: []const u8) !void {
lib/std/zig/render.zig
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 const std = @import("../std.zig");
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const mem = std.mem;
+const meta = std.meta;
 const ast = std.zig.ast;
 const Token = std.zig.Token;
 
@@ -17,74 +18,37 @@ pub const Error = error{
 };
 
 /// Returns whether anything changed
-pub fn render(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tree) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!bool {
+pub fn render(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tree) (meta.Child(@TypeOf(stream)).Error || Error)!bool {
     // cannot render an invalid tree
     std.debug.assert(tree.errors.len == 0);
 
-    // make a passthrough stream that checks whether something changed
-    const MyStream = struct {
-        const MyStream = @This();
-        const StreamError = @TypeOf(stream).Error;
-
-        child_stream: @TypeOf(stream),
-        anything_changed: bool,
-        source_index: usize,
-        source: []const u8,
-
-        fn write(self: *MyStream, bytes: []const u8) StreamError!usize {
-            if (!self.anything_changed) {
-                const end = self.source_index + bytes.len;
-                if (end > self.source.len) {
-                    self.anything_changed = true;
-                } else {
-                    const src_slice = self.source[self.source_index..end];
-                    self.source_index += bytes.len;
-                    if (!mem.eql(u8, bytes, src_slice)) {
-                        self.anything_changed = true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            return self.child_stream.write(bytes);
-        }
-    };
-    var my_stream = MyStream{
-        .child_stream = stream,
-        .anything_changed = false,
-        .source_index = 0,
-        .source = tree.source,
-    };
-    const my_stream_stream: std.io.Writer(*MyStream, MyStream.StreamError, MyStream.write) = .{
-        .context = &my_stream,
-    };
+    var s = stream.*;
+    var change_detection_stream = std.io.changeDetectionStream(tree.source, &s);
+    var auto_indenting_stream = std.io.autoIndentingStream(indent_delta, &change_detection_stream);
 
-    try renderRoot(allocator, my_stream_stream, tree);
+    try renderRoot(allocator, &auto_indenting_stream, tree);
 
-    if (my_stream.source_index != my_stream.source.len) {
-        my_stream.anything_changed = true;
-    }
-
-    return my_stream.anything_changed;
+    return change_detection_stream.changeDetected();
 }
 
 fn renderRoot(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
+
     // render all the line comments at the beginning of the file
     for (tree.token_ids) |token_id, i| {
         if (token_id != .LineComment) break;
         const token_loc = tree.token_locs[i];
-        try stream.print("{}\n", .{mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(token_loc), " ")});
+        try stream.writer().print("{}\n", .{mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(token_loc), " ")});
         const next_token = tree.token_locs[i + 1];
         const loc = tree.tokenLocationLoc(token_loc.end, next_token);
         if (loc.line >= 2) {
-            try stream.writeByte('\n');
+            try stream.insertNewline();
         }
     }
 
-    var start_col: usize = 0;
     var decl_i: ast.NodeIndex = 0;
     const root_decls = tree.root_node.decls();
 
@@ -189,23 +153,22 @@ fn renderRoot(
             try copyFixingWhitespace(stream, tree.source[start..end]);
         }
 
-        try renderTopLevelDecl(allocator, stream, tree, 0, &start_col, decl);
+        try renderTopLevelDecl(allocator, stream, tree, decl);
         decl_i += 1;
         if (decl_i >= root_decls.len) return;
-        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, &start_col, root_decls[decl_i]);
+        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, root_decls[decl_i]);
     }
 }
 
-fn renderExtraNewline(tree: *ast.Tree, stream: anytype, start_col: *usize, node: *ast.Node) @TypeOf(stream).Error!void {
-    return renderExtraNewlineToken(tree, stream, start_col, node.firstToken());
+fn renderExtraNewline(tree: *ast.Tree, stream: anytype, node: *ast.Node) @TypeOf(stream.*).Error!void {
+    return renderExtraNewlineToken(tree, stream, node.firstToken());
 }
 
 fn renderExtraNewlineToken(
     tree: *ast.Tree,
     stream: anytype,
-    start_col: *usize,
     first_token: ast.TokenIndex,
-) @TypeOf(stream).Error!void {
+) @TypeOf(stream.*).Error!void {
     var prev_token = first_token;
     if (prev_token == 0) return;
     var newline_threshold: usize = 2;
@@ -218,28 +181,27 @@ fn renderExtraNewlineToken(
     const prev_token_end = tree.token_locs[prev_token - 1].end;
     const loc = tree.tokenLocation(prev_token_end, first_token);
     if (loc.line >= newline_threshold) {
-        try stream.writeByte('\n');
-        start_col.* = 0;
+        try stream.insertNewline();
     }
 }
 
-fn renderTopLevelDecl(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tree, indent: usize, start_col: *usize, decl: *ast.Node) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
-    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, decl, .Newline);
+fn renderTopLevelDecl(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tree, decl: *ast.Node) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
+    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, decl, .Newline);
 }
 
-fn renderContainerDecl(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tree, indent: usize, start_col: *usize, decl: *ast.Node, space: Space) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+fn renderContainerDecl(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tree, decl: *ast.Node, space: Space) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     switch (decl.tag) {
         .FnProto => {
             const fn_proto = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.FnProto, "base", decl);
 
-            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, fn_proto, fn_proto.getTrailer("doc_comments"), indent, start_col);
+            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, fn_proto, fn_proto.getTrailer("doc_comments"));
 
             if (fn_proto.getTrailer("body_node")) |body_node| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, decl, .Space);
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, body_node, space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, decl, .Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, body_node, space);
             } else {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, decl, .None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(decl.lastToken()), indent, start_col, space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, decl, .None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(decl.lastToken()), space);
             }
         },
 
@@ -247,35 +209,35 @@ fn renderContainerDecl(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tr
             const use_decl = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Use, "base", decl);
 
             if (use_decl.visib_token) |visib_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, visib_token, indent, start_col, .Space); // pub
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, visib_token, .Space); // pub
             }
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, use_decl.use_token, indent, start_col, .Space); // usingnamespace
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, use_decl.expr, .None);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, use_decl.semicolon_token, indent, start_col, space); // ;
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, use_decl.use_token, .Space); // usingnamespace
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, use_decl.expr, .None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, use_decl.semicolon_token, space); // ;
         },
 
         .VarDecl => {
             const var_decl = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.VarDecl, "base", decl);
 
-            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, var_decl, var_decl.getTrailer("doc_comments"), indent, start_col);
-            try renderVarDecl(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, var_decl);
+            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, var_decl, var_decl.getTrailer("doc_comments"));
+            try renderVarDecl(allocator, stream, tree, var_decl);
         },
 
         .TestDecl => {
             const test_decl = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.TestDecl, "base", decl);
 
-            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, test_decl, test_decl.doc_comments, indent, start_col);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, test_decl.test_token, indent, start_col, .Space);
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, test_decl.name, .Space);
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, test_decl.body_node, space);
+            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, test_decl, test_decl.doc_comments);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, test_decl.test_token, .Space);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, test_decl.name, .Space);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, test_decl.body_node, space);
         },
 
         .ContainerField => {
             const field = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.ContainerField, "base", decl);
 
-            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, field, field.doc_comments, indent, start_col);
+            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, field, field.doc_comments);
             if (field.comptime_token) |t| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, t, indent, start_col, .Space); // comptime
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, t, .Space); // comptime
             }
 
             const src_has_trailing_comma = blk: {
@@ -288,68 +250,67 @@ fn renderContainerDecl(allocator: *mem.Allocator, stream: anytype, tree: *ast.Tr
             const last_token_space: Space = if (src_has_trailing_comma) .None else space;
 
             if (field.type_expr == null and field.value_expr == null) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, indent, start_col, last_token_space); // name
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, last_token_space); // name
             } else if (field.type_expr != null and field.value_expr == null) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, indent, start_col, .None); // name
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field.name_token), indent, start_col, .Space); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, .None); // name
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field.name_token), .Space); // :
 
                 if (field.align_expr) |align_value_expr| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field.type_expr.?, .Space); // type
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field.type_expr.?, .Space); // type
                     const lparen_token = tree.prevToken(align_value_expr.firstToken());
                     const align_kw = tree.prevToken(lparen_token);
                     const rparen_token = tree.nextToken(align_value_expr.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, indent, start_col, .None); // align
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, indent, start_col, .None); // (
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, align_value_expr, .None); // alignment
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, indent, start_col, last_token_space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, .None); // align
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, .None); // (
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, align_value_expr, .None); // alignment
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, last_token_space); // )
                 } else {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field.type_expr.?, last_token_space); // type
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field.type_expr.?, last_token_space); // type
                 }
             } else if (field.type_expr == null and field.value_expr != null) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, indent, start_col, .Space); // name
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field.name_token), indent, start_col, .Space); // =
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field.value_expr.?, last_token_space); // value
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, .Space); // name
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field.name_token), .Space); // =
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field.value_expr.?, last_token_space); // value
             } else {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, indent, start_col, .None); // name
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field.name_token), indent, start_col, .Space); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, field.name_token, .None); // name
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field.name_token), .Space); // :
 
                 if (field.align_expr) |align_value_expr| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field.type_expr.?, .Space); // type
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field.type_expr.?, .Space); // type
                     const lparen_token = tree.prevToken(align_value_expr.firstToken());
                     const align_kw = tree.prevToken(lparen_token);
                     const rparen_token = tree.nextToken(align_value_expr.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, indent, start_col, .None); // align
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, indent, start_col, .None); // (
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, align_value_expr, .None); // alignment
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, indent, start_col, .Space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, .None); // align
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, .None); // (
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, align_value_expr, .None); // alignment
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, .Space); // )
                 } else {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field.type_expr.?, .Space); // type
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field.type_expr.?, .Space); // type
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.prevToken(field.value_expr.?.firstToken()), indent, start_col, .Space); // =
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field.value_expr.?, last_token_space); // value
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.prevToken(field.value_expr.?.firstToken()), .Space); // =
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field.value_expr.?, last_token_space); // value
             }
 
             if (src_has_trailing_comma) {
                 const comma = tree.nextToken(field.lastToken());
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent, start_col, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, space);
             }
         },
 
         .Comptime => {
             assert(!decl.requireSemiColon());
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, decl, space);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, decl, space);
         },
 
         .DocComment => {
             const comment = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.DocComment, "base", decl);
             const kind = tree.token_ids[comment.first_line];
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, comment.first_line, indent, start_col, .Newline);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, comment.first_line, .Newline);
             var tok_i = comment.first_line + 1;
             while (true) : (tok_i += 1) {
                 const tok_id = tree.token_ids[tok_i];
                 if (tok_id == kind) {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tok_i, indent, start_col, .Newline);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tok_i, .Newline);
                 } else if (tok_id == .LineComment) {
                     continue;
                 } else {
@@ -365,11 +326,9 @@ fn renderExpression(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     base: *ast.Node,
     space: Space,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     switch (base.tag) {
         .Identifier,
         .IntegerLiteral,
@@ -383,18 +342,18 @@ fn renderExpression(
         .UndefinedLiteral,
         => {
             const casted_node = base.cast(ast.Node.OneToken).?;
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, casted_node.token, indent, start_col, space);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, casted_node.token, space);
         },
 
         .AnyType => {
             const any_type = base.castTag(.AnyType).?;
             if (mem.eql(u8, tree.tokenSlice(any_type.token), "var")) {
                 // TODO remove in next release cycle
-                try stream.writeAll("anytype");
-                if (space == .Comma) try stream.writeAll(",\n");
+                try stream.writer().writeAll("anytype");
+                if (space == .Comma) try stream.writer().writeAll(",\n");
                 return;
             }
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, any_type.token, indent, start_col, space);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, any_type.token, space);
         },
 
         .Block, .LabeledBlock => {
@@ -424,65 +383,65 @@ fn renderExpression(
             };
 
             if (block.label) |label| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(label), indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(label), Space.Space);
             }
 
             if (block.statements.len == 0) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, block.lbrace, indent + indent_delta, start_col, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, block.rbrace, indent, start_col, space);
+                stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, block.lbrace, Space.None);
             } else {
-                const block_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, block.lbrace, block_indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+                stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, block.lbrace, Space.Newline);
 
                 for (block.statements) |statement, i| {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', block_indent);
-                    try renderStatement(allocator, stream, tree, block_indent, start_col, statement);
+                    try renderStatement(allocator, stream, tree, statement);
 
                     if (i + 1 < block.statements.len) {
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, block.statements[i + 1]);
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, block.statements[i + 1]);
                     }
                 }
-
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, block.rbrace, indent, start_col, space);
             }
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, block.rbrace, space);
         },
 
         .Defer => {
             const defer_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Defer, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, defer_node.defer_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, defer_node.defer_token, Space.Space);
             if (defer_node.payload) |payload| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Space);
             }
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, defer_node.expr, space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, defer_node.expr, space);
         },
         .Comptime => {
             const comptime_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Comptime, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, comptime_node.comptime_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, comptime_node.expr, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, comptime_node.comptime_token, Space.Space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, comptime_node.expr, space);
         },
         .Nosuspend => {
             const nosuspend_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Nosuspend, "base", base);
             if (mem.eql(u8, tree.tokenSlice(nosuspend_node.nosuspend_token), "noasync")) {
                 // TODO: remove this
-                try stream.writeAll("nosuspend ");
+                try stream.writer().writeAll("nosuspend ");
             } else {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, nosuspend_node.nosuspend_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, nosuspend_node.nosuspend_token, Space.Space);
             }
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, nosuspend_node.expr, space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, nosuspend_node.expr, space);
         },
 
         .Suspend => {
             const suspend_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Suspend, "base", base);
 
             if (suspend_node.body) |body| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, suspend_node.suspend_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, body, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, suspend_node.suspend_token, Space.Space);
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, body, space);
             } else {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, suspend_node.suspend_token, indent, start_col, space);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, suspend_node.suspend_token, space);
             }
         },
 
@@ -490,26 +449,21 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const infix_op_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Catch, "base", base);
 
             const op_space = Space.Space;
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, infix_op_node.lhs, op_space);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, infix_op_node.lhs, op_space);
 
             const after_op_space = blk: {
-                const loc = tree.tokenLocation(tree.token_locs[infix_op_node.op_token].end, tree.nextToken(infix_op_node.op_token));
-                break :blk if (loc.line == 0) op_space else Space.Newline;
+                const same_line = tree.tokensOnSameLine(infix_op_node.op_token, tree.nextToken(infix_op_node.op_token));
+                break :blk if (same_line) op_space else Space.Newline;
             };
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, infix_op_node.op_token, indent, start_col, after_op_space);
-            if (after_op_space == Space.Newline and
-                tree.token_ids[tree.nextToken(infix_op_node.op_token)] != .MultilineStringLiteralLine)
-            {
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent + indent_delta);
-                start_col.* = indent + indent_delta;
-            }
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, infix_op_node.op_token, after_op_space);
 
             if (infix_op_node.payload) |payload| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Space);
             }
 
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, infix_op_node.rhs, space);
+            stream.pushIndentOneShot();
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, infix_op_node.rhs, space);
         },
 
         .Add,
@@ -561,22 +515,16 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 .Period, .ErrorUnion, .Range => Space.None,
                 else => Space.Space,
             };
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, infix_op_node.lhs, op_space);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, infix_op_node.lhs, op_space);
 
             const after_op_space = blk: {
                 const loc = tree.tokenLocation(tree.token_locs[infix_op_node.op_token].end, tree.nextToken(infix_op_node.op_token));
                 break :blk if (loc.line == 0) op_space else Space.Newline;
             };
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, infix_op_node.op_token, indent, start_col, after_op_space);
-            if (after_op_space == Space.Newline and
-                tree.token_ids[tree.nextToken(infix_op_node.op_token)] != .MultilineStringLiteralLine)
-            {
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent + indent_delta);
-                start_col.* = indent + indent_delta;
-            }
-
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, infix_op_node.rhs, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, infix_op_node.op_token, after_op_space);
+            stream.pushIndentOneShot();
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, infix_op_node.rhs, space);
         },
 
         .BitNot,
@@ -587,8 +535,8 @@ fn renderExpression(
         .AddressOf,
         => {
             const casted_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.SimplePrefixOp, "base", base);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, casted_node.op_token, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, casted_node.rhs, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, casted_node.op_token, Space.None);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, casted_node.rhs, space);
         },
 
         .Try,
@@ -596,8 +544,8 @@ fn renderExpression(
         .Await,
         => {
             const casted_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.SimplePrefixOp, "base", base);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, casted_node.op_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, casted_node.rhs, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, casted_node.op_token, Space.Space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, casted_node.rhs, space);
         },
 
         .ArrayType => {
@@ -606,8 +554,6 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 allocator,
                 stream,
                 tree,
-                indent,
-                start_col,
                 array_type.op_token,
                 array_type.rhs,
                 array_type.len_expr,
@@ -621,8 +567,6 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 allocator,
                 stream,
                 tree,
-                indent,
-                start_col,
                 array_type.op_token,
                 array_type.rhs,
                 array_type.len_expr,
@@ -635,111 +579,111 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const ptr_type = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.PtrType, "base", base);
             const op_tok_id = tree.token_ids[ptr_type.op_token];
             switch (op_tok_id) {
-                .Asterisk, .AsteriskAsterisk => try stream.writeByte('*'),
+                .Asterisk, .AsteriskAsterisk => try stream.writer().writeByte('*'),
                 .LBracket => if (tree.token_ids[ptr_type.op_token + 2] == .Identifier)
-                    try stream.writeAll("[*c")
+                    try stream.writer().writeAll("[*c")
                 else
-                    try stream.writeAll("[*"),
+                    try stream.writer().writeAll("[*"),
                 else => unreachable,
             }
             if (ptr_type.ptr_info.sentinel) |sentinel| {
                 const colon_token = tree.prevToken(sentinel.firstToken());
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon_token, Space.None); // :
                 const sentinel_space = switch (op_tok_id) {
                     .LBracket => Space.None,
                     else => Space.Space,
                 };
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, sentinel, sentinel_space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, sentinel, sentinel_space);
             }
             switch (op_tok_id) {
                 .Asterisk, .AsteriskAsterisk => {},
-                .LBracket => try stream.writeByte(']'),
+                .LBracket => try stream.writer().writeByte(']'),
                 else => unreachable,
             }
             if (ptr_type.ptr_info.allowzero_token) |allowzero_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, allowzero_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // allowzero
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, allowzero_token, Space.Space); // allowzero
             }
             if (ptr_type.ptr_info.align_info) |align_info| {
                 const lparen_token = tree.prevToken(align_info.node.firstToken());
                 const align_token = tree.prevToken(lparen_token);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // align
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_token, Space.None); // align
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, Space.None); // (
 
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, align_info.node, Space.None);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, align_info.node, Space.None);
 
                 if (align_info.bit_range) |bit_range| {
                     const colon1 = tree.prevToken(bit_range.start.firstToken());
                     const colon2 = tree.prevToken(bit_range.end.firstToken());
 
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, bit_range.start, Space.None);
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, bit_range.end, Space.None);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, Space.None); // :
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, bit_range.start, Space.None);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, Space.None); // :
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, bit_range.end, Space.None);
 
                     const rparen_token = tree.nextToken(bit_range.end.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, Space.Space); // )
                 } else {
                     const rparen_token = tree.nextToken(align_info.node.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, Space.Space); // )
                 }
             }
             if (ptr_type.ptr_info.const_token) |const_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, const_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // const
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, const_token, Space.Space); // const
             }
             if (ptr_type.ptr_info.volatile_token) |volatile_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, volatile_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // volatile
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, volatile_token, Space.Space); // volatile
             }
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, ptr_type.rhs, space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, ptr_type.rhs, space);
         },
 
         .SliceType => {
             const slice_type = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.SliceType, "base", base);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, slice_type.op_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // [
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, slice_type.op_token, Space.None); // [
             if (slice_type.ptr_info.sentinel) |sentinel| {
                 const colon_token = tree.prevToken(sentinel.firstToken());
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, sentinel, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(sentinel.lastToken()), indent, start_col, Space.None); // ]
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon_token, Space.None); // :
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, sentinel, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(sentinel.lastToken()), Space.None); // ]
             } else {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(slice_type.op_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // ]
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(slice_type.op_token), Space.None); // ]
             }
 
             if (slice_type.ptr_info.allowzero_token) |allowzero_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, allowzero_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // allowzero
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, allowzero_token, Space.Space); // allowzero
             }
             if (slice_type.ptr_info.align_info) |align_info| {
                 const lparen_token = tree.prevToken(align_info.node.firstToken());
                 const align_token = tree.prevToken(lparen_token);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // align
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_token, Space.None); // align
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen_token, Space.None); // (
 
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, align_info.node, Space.None);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, align_info.node, Space.None);
 
                 if (align_info.bit_range) |bit_range| {
                     const colon1 = tree.prevToken(bit_range.start.firstToken());
                     const colon2 = tree.prevToken(bit_range.end.firstToken());
 
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, bit_range.start, Space.None);
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, bit_range.end, Space.None);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, Space.None); // :
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, bit_range.start, Space.None);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, Space.None); // :
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, bit_range.end, Space.None);
 
                     const rparen_token = tree.nextToken(bit_range.end.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, Space.Space); // )
                 } else {
                     const rparen_token = tree.nextToken(align_info.node.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen_token, Space.Space); // )
                 }
             }
             if (slice_type.ptr_info.const_token) |const_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, const_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, const_token, Space.Space);
             }
             if (slice_type.ptr_info.volatile_token) |volatile_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, volatile_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, volatile_token, Space.Space);
             }
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, slice_type.rhs, space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, slice_type.rhs, space);
         },
 
         .ArrayInitializer, .ArrayInitializerDot => {
@@ -768,27 +712,33 @@ fn renderExpression(
 
             if (exprs.len == 0) {
                 switch (lhs) {
-                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
+                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
+                }
+
+                {
+                    stream.pushIndent();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.None);
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
-            }
 
-            if (exprs.len == 1 and tree.token_ids[exprs[0].lastToken() + 1] == .RBrace) {
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
+            }
+            if (exprs.len == 1 and tree.token_ids[exprs[0].*.lastToken() + 1] == .RBrace) {
                 const expr = exprs[0];
+
                 switch (lhs) {
-                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
+                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, expr, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.None);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, expr, Space.None);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
             }
 
             switch (lhs) {
-                .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
+                .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
             }
 
             // scan to find row size
@@ -832,77 +782,68 @@ fn renderExpression(
 
                 // Null stream for counting the printed length of each expression
                 var counting_stream = std.io.countingOutStream(std.io.null_out_stream);
+                var auto_indenting_stream = std.io.autoIndentingStream(indent_delta, &counting_stream);
 
                 for (exprs) |expr, i| {
                     counting_stream.bytes_written = 0;
-                    var dummy_col: usize = 0;
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, counting_stream.outStream(), tree, indent, &dummy_col, expr, Space.None);
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, &auto_indenting_stream, tree, expr, Space.None);
                     const width = @intCast(usize, counting_stream.bytes_written);
                     const col = i % row_size;
                     column_widths[col] = std.math.max(column_widths[col], width);
                     expr_widths[i] = width;
                 }
 
-                var new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
+                {
+                    stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Newline);
 
-                if (tree.token_ids[tree.nextToken(lbrace)] != .MultilineStringLiteralLine) {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                } else {
-                    new_indent -= indent_delta;
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, new_indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                }
+                    var col: usize = 1;
+                    for (exprs) |expr, i| {
+                        if (i + 1 < exprs.len) {
+                            const next_expr = exprs[i + 1];
+                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, expr, Space.None);
 
-                var col: usize = 1;
-                for (exprs) |expr, i| {
-                    if (i + 1 < exprs.len) {
-                        const next_expr = exprs[i + 1];
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, expr, Space.None);
+                            const comma = tree.nextToken(expr.*.lastToken());
 
-                        const comma = tree.nextToken(expr.lastToken());
+                            if (col != row_size) {
+                                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space); // ,
 
-                        if (col != row_size) {
-                            try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, new_indent, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
+                                const padding = column_widths[i % row_size] - expr_widths[i];
+                                try stream.writer().writeByteNTimes(' ', padding);
 
-                            const padding = column_widths[i % row_size] - expr_widths[i];
-                            try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', padding);
+                                col += 1;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            col = 1;
 
-                            col += 1;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        col = 1;
+                            if (tree.token_ids[tree.nextToken(comma)] != .MultilineStringLiteralLine) {
+                                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Newline); // ,
+                            } else {
+                                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.None); // ,
+                            }
 
-                        if (tree.token_ids[tree.nextToken(comma)] != .MultilineStringLiteralLine) {
-                            try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // ,
+                            try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, next_expr);
                         } else {
-                            try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, new_indent, start_col, Space.None); // ,
-                        }
-
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, next_expr);
-                        if (next_expr.tag != .MultilineStringLiteral) {
-                            try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
+                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, expr, Space.Comma); // ,
                         }
-                    } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, expr, Space.Comma); // ,
                     }
                 }
-                if (exprs[exprs.len - 1].tag != .MultilineStringLiteral) {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                }
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
             } else {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Space);
                 for (exprs) |expr, i| {
                     if (i + 1 < exprs.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, expr, Space.None);
-                        const comma = tree.nextToken(expr.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
+                        const next_expr = exprs[i + 1];
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, expr, Space.None);
+                        const comma = tree.nextToken(expr.*.lastToken());
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space); // ,
                     } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, expr, Space.Space);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, expr, Space.Space);
                     }
                 }
 
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
             }
         },
 
@@ -932,11 +873,17 @@ fn renderExpression(
 
             if (field_inits.len == 0) {
                 switch (lhs) {
-                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
+                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent + indent_delta, start_col, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+
+                {
+                    stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.None);
+                }
+
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
             }
 
             const src_has_trailing_comma = blk: {
@@ -952,9 +899,10 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const expr_outputs_one_line = blk: {
                 // render field expressions until a LF is found
                 for (field_inits) |field_init| {
-                    var find_stream = FindByteOutStream.init('\n');
-                    var dummy_col: usize = 0;
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, find_stream.outStream(), tree, 0, &dummy_col, field_init, Space.None);
+                    var find_stream = std.io.findByteOutStream('\n', &std.io.null_out_stream);
+                    var auto_indenting_stream = std.io.autoIndentingStream(indent_delta, &find_stream);
+
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, &auto_indenting_stream, tree, field_init, Space.None);
                     if (find_stream.byte_found) break :blk false;
                 }
                 break :blk true;
@@ -967,7 +915,6 @@ fn renderExpression(
                     .StructInitializer,
                     .StructInitializerDot,
                     => break :blk,
-
                     else => {},
                 }
 
@@ -977,76 +924,78 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 }
 
                 switch (lhs) {
-                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
+                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, &field_init.base, Space.Space);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, &field_init.base, Space.Space);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
             }
 
             if (!src_has_trailing_comma and src_same_line and expr_outputs_one_line) {
                 // render all on one line, no trailing comma
                 switch (lhs) {
-                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
+                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Space);
 
                 for (field_inits) |field_init, i| {
                     if (i + 1 < field_inits.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field_init, Space.None);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field_init, Space.None);
 
                         const comma = tree.nextToken(field_init.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space);
                     } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field_init, Space.Space);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field_init, Space.Space);
                     }
                 }
 
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
             }
 
-            const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
+            {
+                switch (lhs) {
+                    .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, Space.None),
+                    .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None),
+                }
 
-            switch (lhs) {
-                .dot => |dot| try renderToken(tree, stream, dot, new_indent, start_col, Space.None),
-                .node => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, node, Space.None),
-            }
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+                stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
 
-            for (field_inits) |field_init, i| {
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Newline);
 
-                if (i + 1 < field_inits.len) {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, field_init, Space.None);
+                for (field_inits) |field_init, i| {
+                    if (i + 1 < field_inits.len) {
+                        const next_field_init = field_inits[i + 1];
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field_init, Space.None);
 
-                    const comma = tree.nextToken(field_init.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+                        const comma = tree.nextToken(field_init.lastToken());
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Newline);
 
-                    try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, field_inits[i + 1]);
-                } else {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, field_init, Space.Comma);
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, next_field_init);
+                    } else {
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field_init, Space.Comma);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-            try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, rtoken, space);
         },
 
         .Call => {
             const call = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Call, "base", base);
             if (call.async_token) |async_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, async_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, async_token, Space.Space);
             }
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, call.lhs, Space.None);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, call.lhs, Space.None);
 
             const lparen = tree.nextToken(call.lhs.lastToken());
 
             if (call.params_len == 0) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, call.rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, call.rtoken, space);
             }
 
             const src_has_trailing_comma = blk: {
@@ -1055,43 +1004,41 @@ fn renderExpression(
             };
 
             if (src_has_trailing_comma) {
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.Newline);
 
                 const params = call.params();
                 for (params) |param_node, i| {
-                    const param_node_new_indent = if (param_node.tag == .MultilineStringLiteral) blk: {
-                        break :blk indent;
-                    } else blk: {
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                        break :blk new_indent;
-                    };
+                    stream.pushIndent();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
 
                     if (i + 1 < params.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node_new_indent, start_col, param_node, Space.None);
+                        const next_node = params[i + 1];
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node, Space.None);
                         const comma = tree.nextToken(param_node.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // ,
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, params[i + 1]);
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Newline); // ,
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, next_node);
                     } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node_new_indent, start_col, param_node, Space.Comma);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                        return renderToken(tree, stream, call.rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node, Space.Comma);
                     }
                 }
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, call.rtoken, space);
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
 
             const params = call.params();
             for (params) |param_node, i| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, param_node, Space.None);
+                if (param_node.*.tag == .MultilineStringLiteral) stream.pushIndentOneShot();
+
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node, Space.None);
 
                 if (i + 1 < params.len) {
+                    const next_param = params[i + 1];
                     const comma = tree.nextToken(param_node.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space);
                 }
             }
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, call.rtoken, indent, start_col, space);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, call.rtoken, space);
         },
 
         .ArrayAccess => {
@@ -1100,26 +1047,25 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const lbracket = tree.nextToken(suffix_op.lhs.lastToken());
             const rbracket = tree.nextToken(suffix_op.index_expr.lastToken());
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, lbracket, indent, start_col, Space.None); // [
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, lbracket, Space.None); // [
 
             const starts_with_comment = tree.token_ids[lbracket + 1] == .LineComment;
             const ends_with_comment = tree.token_ids[rbracket - 1] == .LineComment;
-            const new_indent = if (ends_with_comment) indent + indent_delta else indent;
-            const new_space = if (ends_with_comment) Space.Newline else Space.None;
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, suffix_op.index_expr, new_space);
-            if (starts_with_comment) {
-                try stream.writeByte('\n');
-            }
-            if (ends_with_comment or starts_with_comment) {
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
+            {
+                const new_space = if (ends_with_comment) Space.Newline else Space.None;
+
+                stream.pushIndent();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, suffix_op.index_expr, new_space);
             }
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, rbracket, indent, start_col, space); // ]
+            if (starts_with_comment) try stream.maybeInsertNewline();
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, rbracket, space); // ]
         },
+
         .Slice => {
             const suffix_op = base.castTag(.Slice).?;
-
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
 
             const lbracket = tree.prevToken(suffix_op.start.firstToken());
             const dotdot = tree.nextToken(suffix_op.start.lastToken());
@@ -1129,32 +1075,33 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const after_start_space = if (after_start_space_bool) Space.Space else Space.None;
             const after_op_space = if (suffix_op.end != null) after_start_space else Space.None;
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, lbracket, indent, start_col, Space.None); // [
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, suffix_op.start, after_start_space);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, dotdot, indent, start_col, after_op_space); // ..
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, lbracket, Space.None); // [
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, suffix_op.start, after_start_space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, dotdot, after_op_space); // ..
             if (suffix_op.end) |end| {
                 const after_end_space = if (suffix_op.sentinel != null) Space.Space else Space.None;
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, end, after_end_space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, end, after_end_space);
             }
             if (suffix_op.sentinel) |sentinel| {
                 const colon = tree.prevToken(sentinel.firstToken());
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, sentinel, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, Space.None); // :
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, sentinel, Space.None);
             }
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, suffix_op.rtoken, indent, start_col, space); // ]
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, suffix_op.rtoken, space); // ]
         },
+
         .Deref => {
             const suffix_op = base.castTag(.Deref).?;
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, suffix_op.rtoken, indent, start_col, space); // .*
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, suffix_op.rtoken, space); // .*
         },
         .UnwrapOptional => {
             const suffix_op = base.castTag(.UnwrapOptional).?;
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.prevToken(suffix_op.rtoken), indent, start_col, Space.None); // .
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, suffix_op.rtoken, indent, start_col, space); // ?
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, suffix_op.lhs, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.prevToken(suffix_op.rtoken), Space.None); // .
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, suffix_op.rtoken, space); // ?
         },
 
         .Break => {
@@ -1163,145 +1110,152 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const maybe_label = flow_expr.getLabel();
 
             if (maybe_label == null and maybe_rhs == null) {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, indent, start_col, space); // break
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, space); // break
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // break
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, Space.Space); // break
             if (maybe_label) |label| {
                 const colon = tree.nextToken(flow_expr.ltoken);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, Space.None); // :
 
                 if (maybe_rhs == null) {
-                    return renderToken(tree, stream, label, indent, start_col, space); // label
+                    return renderToken(tree, stream, label, space); // label
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // label
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, Space.Space); // label
             }
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, maybe_rhs.?, space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, maybe_rhs.?, space);
         },
 
         .Continue => {
             const flow_expr = base.castTag(.Continue).?;
             if (flow_expr.getLabel()) |label| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // continue
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, Space.Space); // continue
                 const colon = tree.nextToken(flow_expr.ltoken);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, label, indent, start_col, space); // label
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, Space.None); // :
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, label, space); // label
             } else {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, indent, start_col, space); // continue
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, space); // continue
             }
         },
 
         .Return => {
             const flow_expr = base.castTag(.Return).?;
             if (flow_expr.getRHS()) |rhs| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, rhs, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, Space.Space);
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, rhs, space);
             } else {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, indent, start_col, space);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, flow_expr.ltoken, space);
             }
         },
 
         .Payload => {
             const payload = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Payload, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, payload.lpipe, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload.error_symbol, Space.None);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, payload.rpipe, indent, start_col, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, payload.lpipe, Space.None);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload.error_symbol, Space.None);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, payload.rpipe, space);
         },
 
         .PointerPayload => {
             const payload = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.PointerPayload, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, payload.lpipe, indent, start_col, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, payload.lpipe, Space.None);
             if (payload.ptr_token) |ptr_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, ptr_token, indent, start_col, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, ptr_token, Space.None);
             }
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload.value_symbol, Space.None);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, payload.rpipe, indent, start_col, space);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload.value_symbol, Space.None);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, payload.rpipe, space);
         },
 
         .PointerIndexPayload => {
             const payload = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.PointerIndexPayload, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, payload.lpipe, indent, start_col, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, payload.lpipe, Space.None);
             if (payload.ptr_token) |ptr_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, ptr_token, indent, start_col, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, ptr_token, Space.None);
             }
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload.value_symbol, Space.None);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload.value_symbol, Space.None);
 
             if (payload.index_symbol) |index_symbol| {
                 const comma = tree.nextToken(payload.value_symbol.lastToken());
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, index_symbol, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, index_symbol, Space.None);
             }
 
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, payload.rpipe, indent, start_col, space);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, payload.rpipe, space);
         },
 
         .GroupedExpression => {
             const grouped_expr = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.GroupedExpression, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, grouped_expr.lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, grouped_expr.expr, Space.None);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, grouped_expr.rparen, indent, start_col, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, grouped_expr.lparen, Space.None);
+            {
+                stream.pushIndentOneShot();
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, grouped_expr.expr, Space.None);
+            }
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, grouped_expr.rparen, space);
         },
 
         .FieldInitializer => {
             const field_init = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.FieldInitializer, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, field_init.period_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // .
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, field_init.name_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // name
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field_init.name_token), indent, start_col, Space.Space); // =
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, field_init.expr, space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, field_init.period_token, Space.None); // .
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, field_init.name_token, Space.Space); // name
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(field_init.name_token), Space.Space); // =
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, field_init.expr, space);
         },
 
         .ContainerDecl => {
             const container_decl = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.ContainerDecl, "base", base);
 
             if (container_decl.layout_token) |layout_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, layout_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, layout_token, Space.Space);
             }
 
             switch (container_decl.init_arg_expr) {
                 .None => {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.kind_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // union
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.kind_token, Space.Space); // union
                 },
                 .Enum => |enum_tag_type| {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.kind_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // union
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.kind_token, Space.None); // union
 
                     const lparen = tree.nextToken(container_decl.kind_token);
                     const enum_token = tree.nextToken(lparen);
 
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, enum_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // enum
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, enum_token, Space.None); // enum
 
                     if (enum_tag_type) |expr| {
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(enum_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, expr, Space.None);
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(enum_token), Space.None); // (
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, expr, Space.None);
 
                         const rparen = tree.nextToken(expr.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // )
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(rparen), indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.None); // )
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(rparen), Space.Space); // )
                     } else {
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(enum_token), indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(enum_token), Space.Space); // )
                     }
                 },
                 .Type => |type_expr| {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.kind_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // union
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.kind_token, Space.None); // union
 
                     const lparen = tree.nextToken(container_decl.kind_token);
                     const rparen = tree.nextToken(type_expr.lastToken());
 
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, type_expr, Space.None);
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, type_expr, Space.None);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.Space); // )
                 },
             }
 
             if (container_decl.fields_and_decls_len == 0) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, indent + indent_delta, start_col, Space.None); // {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.rbrace_token, indent, start_col, space); // }
+                {
+                    stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, Space.None); // {
+                }
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.rbrace_token, space); // }
             }
 
             const src_has_trailing_comma = blk: {
@@ -1332,43 +1286,39 @@ fn renderExpression(
 
             if (src_has_trailing_comma or !src_has_only_fields) {
                 // One declaration per line
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, new_indent, start_col, .Newline); // {
+                stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, .Newline); // {
 
                 for (fields_and_decls) |decl, i| {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, decl, .Newline);
+                    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, decl, .Newline);
 
                     if (i + 1 < fields_and_decls.len) {
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, fields_and_decls[i + 1]);
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, fields_and_decls[i + 1]);
                     }
                 }
-
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
             } else if (src_has_newline) {
                 // All the declarations on the same line, but place the items on
                 // their own line
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, indent, start_col, .Newline); // {
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, .Newline); // {
 
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
+                stream.pushIndent();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
 
                 for (fields_and_decls) |decl, i| {
                     const space_after_decl: Space = if (i + 1 >= fields_and_decls.len) .Newline else .Space;
-                    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, decl, space_after_decl);
+                    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, decl, space_after_decl);
                 }
-
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
             } else {
                 // All the declarations on the same line
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, indent, start_col, .Space); // {
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.lbrace_token, .Space); // {
 
                 for (fields_and_decls) |decl| {
-                    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, decl, .Space);
+                    try renderContainerDecl(allocator, stream, tree, decl, .Space);
                 }
             }
 
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.rbrace_token, indent, start_col, space); // }
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, container_decl.rbrace_token, space); // }
         },
 
         .ErrorSetDecl => {
@@ -1377,9 +1327,9 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const lbrace = tree.nextToken(err_set_decl.error_token);
 
             if (err_set_decl.decls_len == 0) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.error_token, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, indent, start_col, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.error_token, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.None);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, space);
             }
 
             if (err_set_decl.decls_len == 1) blk: {
@@ -1393,13 +1343,13 @@ fn renderExpression(
                     break :blk;
                 }
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.error_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // error
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.None); // {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, indent, start_col, space); // }
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.error_token, Space.None); // error
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.None); // {
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None);
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, space); // }
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.error_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // error
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.error_token, Space.None); // error
 
             const src_has_trailing_comma = blk: {
                 const maybe_comma = tree.prevToken(err_set_decl.rbrace_token);
@@ -1407,78 +1357,72 @@ fn renderExpression(
             };
 
             if (src_has_trailing_comma) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // {
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-
-                const decls = err_set_decl.decls();
-                for (decls) |node, i| {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-
-                    if (i + 1 < decls.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, node, Space.None);
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(node.lastToken()), new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // ,
-
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, decls[i + 1]);
-                    } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, node, Space.Comma);
+                {
+                    stream.pushIndent();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Newline); // {
+                    const decls = err_set_decl.decls();
+                    for (decls) |node, i| {
+                        if (i + 1 < decls.len) {
+                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None);
+                            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(node.lastToken()), Space.Newline); // ,
+
+                            try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, decls[i + 1]);
+                        } else {
+                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.Comma);
+                        }
                     }
                 }
 
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, indent, start_col, space); // }
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, space); // }
             } else {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // {
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Space); // {
 
                 const decls = err_set_decl.decls();
                 for (decls) |node, i| {
                     if (i + 1 < decls.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None);
 
                         const comma_token = tree.nextToken(node.lastToken());
                         assert(tree.token_ids[comma_token] == .Comma);
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, decls[i + 1]);
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, Space.Space); // ,
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, decls[i + 1]);
                     } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.Space);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.Space);
                     }
                 }
 
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, indent, start_col, space); // }
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, err_set_decl.rbrace_token, space); // }
             }
         },
 
         .ErrorTag => {
             const tag = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.ErrorTag, "base", base);
 
-            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, tag, tag.doc_comments, indent, start_col);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, tag.name_token, indent, start_col, space); // name
+            try renderDocComments(tree, stream, tag, tag.doc_comments);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, tag.name_token, space); // name
         },
 
         .MultilineStringLiteral => {
-            // TODO: Don't indent in this function, but let the caller indent.
-            // If this has been implemented, a lot of hacky solutions in i.e. ArrayInit and FunctionCall can be removed
             const multiline_str_literal = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.MultilineStringLiteral, "base", base);
 
-            var skip_first_indent = true;
-            if (tree.token_ids[multiline_str_literal.firstToken() - 1] != .LineComment) {
-                try stream.print("\n", .{});
-                skip_first_indent = false;
-            }
-
-            for (multiline_str_literal.lines()) |t| {
-                if (!skip_first_indent) {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent + indent_delta);
+            {
+                const locked_indents = stream.lockOneShotIndent();
+                defer {
+                    var i: u8 = 0;
+                    while (i < locked_indents) : (i += 1) stream.popIndent();
                 }
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, t, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-                skip_first_indent = false;
+                try stream.maybeInsertNewline();
+
+                for (multiline_str_literal.lines()) |t| try renderToken(tree, stream, t, Space.None);
             }
-            try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
         },
 
         .BuiltinCall => {
             const builtin_call = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.BuiltinCall, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, builtin_call.builtin_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // @name
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, builtin_call.builtin_token, Space.None); // @name
 
             const src_params_trailing_comma = blk: {
                 if (builtin_call.params_len < 2) break :blk false;
@@ -1490,31 +1434,30 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const lparen = tree.nextToken(builtin_call.builtin_token);
 
             if (!src_params_trailing_comma) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
 
                 // render all on one line, no trailing comma
                 const params = builtin_call.params();
                 for (params) |param_node, i| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, param_node, Space.None);
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node, Space.None);
 
                     if (i + 1 < params.len) {
                         const comma_token = tree.nextToken(param_node.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, Space.Space); // ,
                     }
                 }
             } else {
                 // one param per line
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // (
+                stream.pushIndent();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.Newline); // (
 
                 for (builtin_call.params()) |param_node| {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, param_node, Space.Comma);
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, param_node, Space.Comma);
                 }
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
             }
 
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, builtin_call.rparen_token, indent, start_col, space); // )
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, builtin_call.rparen_token, space); // )
         },
 
         .FnProto => {
@@ -1524,24 +1467,24 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 const visib_token = tree.token_ids[visib_token_index];
                 assert(visib_token == .Keyword_pub or visib_token == .Keyword_export);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, visib_token_index, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // pub
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, visib_token_index, Space.Space); // pub
             }
 
             if (fn_proto.getTrailer("extern_export_inline_token")) |extern_export_inline_token| {
                 if (fn_proto.getTrailer("is_extern_prototype") == null)
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, extern_export_inline_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // extern/export/inline
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, extern_export_inline_token, Space.Space); // extern/export/inline
             }
 
             if (fn_proto.getTrailer("lib_name")) |lib_name| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, lib_name, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, lib_name, Space.Space);
             }
 
             const lparen = if (fn_proto.getTrailer("name_token")) |name_token| blk: {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, fn_proto.fn_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // fn
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, name_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // name
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, fn_proto.fn_token, Space.Space); // fn
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, name_token, Space.None); // name
                 break :blk tree.nextToken(name_token);
             } else blk: {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, fn_proto.fn_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // fn
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, fn_proto.fn_token, Space.Space); // fn
                 break :blk tree.nextToken(fn_proto.fn_token);
             };
             assert(tree.token_ids[lparen] == .LParen);
@@ -1568,47 +1511,45 @@ fn renderExpression(
             };
 
             if (!src_params_trailing_comma) {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
 
                 // render all on one line, no trailing comma
                 for (fn_proto.params()) |param_decl, i| {
-                    try renderParamDecl(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, param_decl, Space.None);
+                    try renderParamDecl(allocator, stream, tree, param_decl, Space.None);
 
                     if (i + 1 < fn_proto.params_len or fn_proto.getTrailer("var_args_token") != null) {
                         const comma = tree.nextToken(param_decl.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space); // ,
                     }
                 }
                 if (fn_proto.getTrailer("var_args_token")) |var_args_token| {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_args_token, indent, start_col, Space.None);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_args_token, Space.None);
                 }
             } else {
                 // one param per line
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // (
+                stream.pushIndent();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.Newline); // (
 
                 for (fn_proto.params()) |param_decl| {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                    try renderParamDecl(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, param_decl, Space.Comma);
+                    try renderParamDecl(allocator, stream, tree, param_decl, Space.Comma);
                 }
                 if (fn_proto.getTrailer("var_args_token")) |var_args_token| {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_args_token, new_indent, start_col, Space.Comma);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_args_token, Space.Comma);
                 }
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.Space); // )
 
             if (fn_proto.getTrailer("align_expr")) |align_expr| {
                 const align_rparen = tree.nextToken(align_expr.lastToken());
                 const align_lparen = tree.prevToken(align_expr.firstToken());
                 const align_kw = tree.prevToken(align_lparen);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, indent, start_col, Space.None); // align
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, align_expr, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, Space.None); // align
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_lparen, Space.None); // (
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, align_expr, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, align_rparen, Space.Space); // )
             }
 
             if (fn_proto.getTrailer("section_expr")) |section_expr| {
@@ -1616,10 +1557,10 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 const section_lparen = tree.prevToken(section_expr.firstToken());
                 const section_kw = tree.prevToken(section_lparen);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, section_kw, indent, start_col, Space.None); // section
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, section_lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, section_expr, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, section_rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, section_kw, Space.None); // section
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, section_lparen, Space.None); // (
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, section_expr, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, section_rparen, Space.Space); // )
             }
 
             if (fn_proto.getTrailer("callconv_expr")) |callconv_expr| {
@@ -1627,23 +1568,23 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 const callconv_lparen = tree.prevToken(callconv_expr.firstToken());
                 const callconv_kw = tree.prevToken(callconv_lparen);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, callconv_kw, indent, start_col, Space.None); // callconv
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, callconv_lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, callconv_expr, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, callconv_rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, callconv_kw, Space.None); // callconv
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, callconv_lparen, Space.None); // (
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, callconv_expr, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, callconv_rparen, Space.Space); // )
             } else if (fn_proto.getTrailer("is_extern_prototype") != null) {
-                try stream.writeAll("callconv(.C) ");
+                try stream.writer().writeAll("callconv(.C) ");
             } else if (fn_proto.getTrailer("is_async") != null) {
-                try stream.writeAll("callconv(.Async) ");
+                try stream.writer().writeAll("callconv(.Async) ");
             }
 
             switch (fn_proto.return_type) {
                 .Explicit => |node| {
-                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, space);
+                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, space);
                 },
                 .InferErrorSet => |node| {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.prevToken(node.firstToken()), indent, start_col, Space.None); // !
-                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, space);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.prevToken(node.firstToken()), Space.None); // !
+                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, space);
                 },
                 .Invalid => unreachable,
             }
@@ -1653,11 +1594,11 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const anyframe_type = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.AnyFrameType, "base", base);
 
             if (anyframe_type.result) |result| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, anyframe_type.anyframe_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // anyframe
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, result.arrow_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // ->
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, result.return_type, space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, anyframe_type.anyframe_token, Space.None); // anyframe
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, result.arrow_token, Space.None); // ->
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, result.return_type, space);
             } else {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, anyframe_type.anyframe_token, indent, start_col, space); // anyframe
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, anyframe_type.anyframe_token, space); // anyframe
             }
         },
 
@@ -1666,38 +1607,38 @@ fn renderExpression(
         .Switch => {
             const switch_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Switch, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, switch_node.switch_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // switch
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(switch_node.switch_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, switch_node.switch_token, Space.Space); // switch
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(switch_node.switch_token), Space.None); // (
 
             const rparen = tree.nextToken(switch_node.expr.lastToken());
             const lbrace = tree.nextToken(rparen);
 
             if (switch_node.cases_len == 0) {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, switch_node.expr, Space.None);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, indent, start_col, Space.None); // {
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, switch_node.rbrace, indent, start_col, space); // }
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, switch_node.expr, Space.None);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.Space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.None); // {
+                return renderToken(tree, stream, switch_node.rbrace, space); // }
             }
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, switch_node.expr, Space.None);
-
-            const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, switch_node.expr, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.Space); // )
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, new_indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // {
+            {
+                stream.pushIndentNextLine();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lbrace, Space.Newline); // {
 
-            const cases = switch_node.cases();
-            for (cases) |node, i| {
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, node, Space.Comma);
+                const cases = switch_node.cases();
+                for (cases) |node, i| {
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.Comma);
 
-                if (i + 1 < cases.len) {
-                    try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, cases[i + 1]);
+                    if (i + 1 < cases.len) {
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, cases[i + 1]);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
-            try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, switch_node.rbrace, indent, start_col, space); // }
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, switch_node.rbrace, space); // }
         },
 
         .SwitchCase => {
@@ -1714,43 +1655,41 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 const items = switch_case.items();
                 for (items) |node, i| {
                     if (i + 1 < items.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None);
 
                         const comma_token = tree.nextToken(node.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, items[i + 1]);
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, Space.Space); // ,
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, items[i + 1]);
                     } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.Space);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.Space);
                     }
                 }
             } else {
                 const items = switch_case.items();
                 for (items) |node, i| {
                     if (i + 1 < items.len) {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.None);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.None);
 
                         const comma_token = tree.nextToken(node.lastToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // ,
-                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, items[i + 1]);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma_token, Space.Newline); // ,
+                        try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, items[i + 1]);
                     } else {
-                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, Space.Comma);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, Space.Comma);
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, switch_case.arrow_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // =>
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, switch_case.arrow_token, Space.Space); // =>
 
             if (switch_case.payload) |payload| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Space);
             }
 
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, switch_case.expr, space);
+            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, switch_case.expr, space);
         },
         .SwitchElse => {
             const switch_else = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.SwitchElse, "base", base);
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, switch_else.token, indent, start_col, space);
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, switch_else.token, space);
         },
         .Else => {
             const else_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Else, "base", base);
@@ -1759,37 +1698,37 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const same_line = body_is_block or tree.tokensOnSameLine(else_node.else_token, else_node.body.lastToken());
 
             const after_else_space = if (same_line or else_node.payload != null) Space.Space else Space.Newline;
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, else_node.else_token, indent, start_col, after_else_space);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, else_node.else_token, after_else_space);
 
             if (else_node.payload) |payload| {
                 const payload_space = if (same_line) Space.Space else Space.Newline;
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, payload_space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, payload_space);
             }
 
             if (same_line) {
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, else_node.body, space);
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, else_node.body, space);
+            } else {
+                stream.pushIndent();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, else_node.body, space);
             }
-
-            try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent + indent_delta);
-            start_col.* = indent + indent_delta;
-            return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, else_node.body, space);
         },
 
         .While => {
             const while_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.While, "base", base);
 
             if (while_node.label) |label| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, indent, start_col, Space.None); // label
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(label), indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, Space.None); // label
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(label), Space.Space); // :
             }
 
             if (while_node.inline_token) |inline_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, inline_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // inline
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, inline_token, Space.Space); // inline
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, while_node.while_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // while
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(while_node.while_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, while_node.condition, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, while_node.while_token, Space.Space); // while
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(while_node.while_token), Space.None); // (
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, while_node.condition, Space.None);
 
             const cond_rparen = tree.nextToken(while_node.condition.lastToken());
 
@@ -1811,12 +1750,12 @@ fn renderExpression(
 
             {
                 const rparen_space = if (while_node.payload != null or while_node.continue_expr != null) Space.Space else block_start_space;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, cond_rparen, indent, start_col, rparen_space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, cond_rparen, rparen_space); // )
             }
 
             if (while_node.payload) |payload| {
-                const payload_space = if (while_node.continue_expr != null) Space.Space else block_start_space;
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, payload_space);
+                const payload_space = Space.Space; //if (while_node.continue_expr != null) Space.Space else block_start_space;
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, payload_space);
             }
 
             if (while_node.continue_expr) |continue_expr| {
@@ -1824,29 +1763,22 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 const lparen = tree.prevToken(continue_expr.firstToken());
                 const colon = tree.prevToken(lparen);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon, Space.Space); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
 
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, continue_expr, Space.None);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, continue_expr, Space.None);
 
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, block_start_space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, block_start_space); // )
             }
 
-            var new_indent = indent;
-            if (block_start_space == Space.Newline) {
-                new_indent += indent_delta;
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-                start_col.* = new_indent;
+            {
+                if (!body_is_block) stream.pushIndent();
+                defer if (!body_is_block) stream.popIndent();
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, while_node.body, after_body_space);
             }
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, while_node.body, after_body_space);
-
             if (while_node.@"else") |@"else"| {
-                if (after_body_space == Space.Newline) {
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                    start_col.* = indent;
-                }
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, &@"else".base, space);
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, &@"else".base, space);
             }
         },
 
@@ -1854,17 +1786,17 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const for_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.For, "base", base);
 
             if (for_node.label) |label| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, indent, start_col, Space.None); // label
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(label), indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, label, Space.None); // label
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(label), Space.Space); // :
             }
 
             if (for_node.inline_token) |inline_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, inline_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // inline
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, inline_token, Space.Space); // inline
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, for_node.for_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // for
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(for_node.for_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, for_node.array_expr, Space.None);
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, for_node.for_token, Space.Space); // for
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(for_node.for_token), Space.None); // (
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, for_node.array_expr, Space.None);
 
             const rparen = tree.nextToken(for_node.array_expr.lastToken());
 
@@ -1872,10 +1804,10 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const src_one_line_to_body = !body_is_block and tree.tokensOnSameLine(rparen, for_node.body.firstToken());
             const body_on_same_line = body_is_block or src_one_line_to_body;
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.Space); // )
 
             const space_after_payload = if (body_on_same_line) Space.Space else Space.Newline;
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, for_node.payload, space_after_payload); // |x|
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, for_node.payload, space_after_payload); // |x|
 
             const space_after_body = blk: {
                 if (for_node.@"else") |@"else"| {
@@ -1890,13 +1822,14 @@ fn renderExpression(
                 }
             };
 
-            const body_indent = if (body_on_same_line) indent else indent + indent_delta;
-            if (!body_on_same_line) try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', body_indent);
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, body_indent, start_col, for_node.body, space_after_body); // { body }
+            {
+                if (!body_on_same_line) stream.pushIndent();
+                defer if (!body_on_same_line) stream.popIndent();
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, for_node.body, space_after_body); // { body }
+            }
 
             if (for_node.@"else") |@"else"| {
-                if (space_after_body == Space.Newline) try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, &@"else".base, space); // else
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, &@"else".base, space); // else
             }
         },
 
@@ -1906,29 +1839,29 @@ fn renderExpression(
             const lparen = tree.nextToken(if_node.if_token);
             const rparen = tree.nextToken(if_node.condition.lastToken());
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, if_node.if_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // if
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, if_node.if_token, Space.Space); // if
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, if_node.condition, Space.None); // condition
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.condition, Space.None); // condition
 
             const body_is_if_block = if_node.body.tag == .If;
             const body_is_block = nodeIsBlock(if_node.body);
 
             if (body_is_if_block) {
-                try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, start_col, if_node.body);
+                try renderExtraNewline(tree, stream, if_node.body);
             } else if (body_is_block) {
                 const after_rparen_space = if (if_node.payload == null) Space.BlockStart else Space.Space;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, after_rparen_space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, after_rparen_space); // )
 
                 if (if_node.payload) |payload| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.BlockStart); // |x|
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.BlockStart); // |x|
                 }
 
                 if (if_node.@"else") |@"else"| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, if_node.body, Space.SpaceOrOutdent);
-                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, &@"else".base, space);
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.body, Space.SpaceOrOutdent);
+                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, &@"else".base, space);
                 } else {
-                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, if_node.body, space);
+                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.body, space);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -1936,186 +1869,181 @@ fn renderExpression(
 
             if (src_has_newline) {
                 const after_rparen_space = if (if_node.payload == null) Space.Newline else Space.Space;
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, after_rparen_space); // )
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, after_rparen_space); // )
 
                 if (if_node.payload) |payload| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Newline);
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Newline);
                 }
 
-                const new_indent = indent + indent_delta;
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
-
                 if (if_node.@"else") |@"else"| {
                     const else_is_block = nodeIsBlock(@"else".body);
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, if_node.body, Space.Newline);
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
+
+                    {
+                        stream.pushIndent();
+                        defer stream.popIndent();
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.body, Space.Newline);
+                    }
 
                     if (else_is_block) {
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, @"else".else_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // else
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, @"else".else_token, Space.Space); // else
 
                         if (@"else".payload) |payload| {
-                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Space);
+                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Space);
                         }
 
-                        return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, @"else".body, space);
+                        return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, @"else".body, space);
                     } else {
                         const after_else_space = if (@"else".payload == null) Space.Newline else Space.Space;
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, @"else".else_token, indent, start_col, after_else_space); // else
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, @"else".else_token, after_else_space); // else
 
                         if (@"else".payload) |payload| {
-                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Newline);
+                            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Newline);
                         }
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', new_indent);
 
-                        return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, @"else".body, space);
+                        stream.pushIndent();
+                        defer stream.popIndent();
+                        return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, @"else".body, space);
                     }
                 } else {
-                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, if_node.body, space);
+                    stream.pushIndent();
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+                    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.body, space);
                 }
             }
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // )
+            // Single line if statement
+
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, Space.Space); // )
 
             if (if_node.payload) |payload| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Space);
             }
 
             if (if_node.@"else") |@"else"| {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, if_node.body, Space.Space);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, @"else".else_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.body, Space.Space);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, @"else".else_token, Space.Space);
 
                 if (@"else".payload) |payload| {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, payload, Space.Space);
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, payload, Space.Space);
                 }
 
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, @"else".body, space);
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, @"else".body, space);
             } else {
-                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, if_node.body, space);
+                return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, if_node.body, space);
             }
         },
 
         .Asm => {
             const asm_node = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.Asm, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.asm_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // asm
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.asm_token, Space.Space); // asm
 
             if (asm_node.volatile_token) |volatile_token| {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, volatile_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // volatile
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(volatile_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, volatile_token, Space.Space); // volatile
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(volatile_token), Space.None); // (
             } else {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(asm_node.asm_token), indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(asm_node.asm_token), Space.None); // (
             }
 
-            if (asm_node.outputs.len == 0 and asm_node.inputs.len == 0 and asm_node.clobbers.len == 0) {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_node.template, Space.None);
-                return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.rparen, indent, start_col, space);
-            }
+            asmblk: {
+                stream.pushIndent();
+                defer stream.popIndent();
 
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_node.template, Space.Newline);
+                if (asm_node.outputs.len == 0 and asm_node.inputs.len == 0 and asm_node.clobbers.len == 0) {
+                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_node.template, Space.None);
+                    break :asmblk;
+                }
 
-            const indent_once = indent + indent_delta;
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_node.template, Space.Newline);
 
-            if (asm_node.template.tag == .MultilineStringLiteral) {
-                // After rendering a multiline string literal the cursor is
-                // already offset by indent
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_delta);
-            } else {
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_once);
-            }
+                const colon1 = tree.nextToken(asm_node.template.lastToken());
 
-            const colon1 = tree.nextToken(asm_node.template.lastToken());
-            const indent_extra = indent_once + 2;
+                const colon2 = if (asm_node.outputs.len == 0) blk: {
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, Space.Newline); // :
 
-            const colon2 = if (asm_node.outputs.len == 0) blk: {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // :
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_once);
+                    break :blk tree.nextToken(colon1);
+                } else blk: {
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, Space.Space); // :
 
-                break :blk tree.nextToken(colon1);
-            } else blk: {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon1, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
-
-                for (asm_node.outputs) |*asm_output, i| {
-                    if (i + 1 < asm_node.outputs.len) {
-                        const next_asm_output = asm_node.outputs[i + 1];
-                        try renderAsmOutput(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, asm_output, Space.None);
-
-                        const comma = tree.prevToken(next_asm_output.firstToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent_extra, start_col, Space.Newline); // ,
-                        try renderExtraNewlineToken(tree, stream, start_col, next_asm_output.firstToken());
-
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_extra);
-                    } else if (asm_node.inputs.len == 0 and asm_node.clobbers.len == 0) {
-                        try renderAsmOutput(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, asm_output, Space.Newline);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                        return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.rparen, indent, start_col, space);
-                    } else {
-                        try renderAsmOutput(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, asm_output, Space.Newline);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_once);
-                        const comma_or_colon = tree.nextToken(asm_output.lastToken());
-                        break :blk switch (tree.token_ids[comma_or_colon]) {
-                            .Comma => tree.nextToken(comma_or_colon),
-                            else => comma_or_colon,
-                        };
-                    }
-                }
-                unreachable;
-            };
+                    stream.pushIndentN(2);
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
 
-            const colon3 = if (asm_node.inputs.len == 0) blk: {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, indent, start_col, Space.Newline); // :
-                try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_once);
+                    for (asm_node.outputs) |*asm_output, i| {
+                        if (i + 1 < asm_node.outputs.len) {
+                            const next_asm_output = asm_node.outputs[i + 1];
+                            try renderAsmOutput(allocator, stream, tree, asm_output, Space.None);
 
-                break :blk tree.nextToken(colon2);
-            } else blk: {
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
-
-                for (asm_node.inputs) |*asm_input, i| {
-                    if (i + 1 < asm_node.inputs.len) {
-                        const next_asm_input = &asm_node.inputs[i + 1];
-                        try renderAsmInput(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, asm_input, Space.None);
-
-                        const comma = tree.prevToken(next_asm_input.firstToken());
-                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent_extra, start_col, Space.Newline); // ,
-                        try renderExtraNewlineToken(tree, stream, start_col, next_asm_input.firstToken());
-
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_extra);
-                    } else if (asm_node.clobbers.len == 0) {
-                        try renderAsmInput(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, asm_input, Space.Newline);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                        return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.rparen, indent, start_col, space); // )
-                    } else {
-                        try renderAsmInput(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, asm_input, Space.Newline);
-                        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent_once);
-                        const comma_or_colon = tree.nextToken(asm_input.lastToken());
-                        break :blk switch (tree.token_ids[comma_or_colon]) {
-                            .Comma => tree.nextToken(comma_or_colon),
-                            else => comma_or_colon,
-                        };
+                            const comma = tree.prevToken(next_asm_output.firstToken());
+                            try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Newline); // ,
+                            try renderExtraNewlineToken(tree, stream, next_asm_output.firstToken());
+                        } else if (asm_node.inputs.len == 0 and asm_node.clobbers.len == 0) {
+                            try renderAsmOutput(allocator, stream, tree, asm_output, Space.Newline);
+                            break :asmblk;
+                        } else {
+                            try renderAsmOutput(allocator, stream, tree, asm_output, Space.Newline);
+                            const comma_or_colon = tree.nextToken(asm_output.lastToken());
+                            break :blk switch (tree.token_ids[comma_or_colon]) {
+                                .Comma => tree.nextToken(comma_or_colon),
+                                else => comma_or_colon,
+                            };
+                        }
                     }
-                }
-                unreachable;
-            };
+                    unreachable;
+                };
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, colon3, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
+                const colon3 = if (asm_node.inputs.len == 0) blk: {
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, Space.Newline); // :
+                    break :blk tree.nextToken(colon2);
+                } else blk: {
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, colon2, Space.Space); // :
+                    stream.pushIndentN(2);
+                    defer stream.popIndent();
+                    for (asm_node.inputs) |*asm_input, i| {
+                        if (i + 1 < asm_node.inputs.len) {
+                            const next_asm_input = &asm_node.inputs[i + 1];
+                            try renderAsmInput(allocator, stream, tree, asm_input, Space.None);
+
+                            const comma = tree.prevToken(next_asm_input.firstToken());
+                            try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Newline); // ,
+                            try renderExtraNewlineToken(tree, stream, next_asm_input.firstToken());
+                        } else if (asm_node.clobbers.len == 0) {
+                            try renderAsmInput(allocator, stream, tree, asm_input, Space.Newline);
+                            break :asmblk;
+                        } else {
+                            try renderAsmInput(allocator, stream, tree, asm_input, Space.Newline);
+                            const comma_or_colon = tree.nextToken(asm_input.lastToken());
+                            break :blk switch (tree.token_ids[comma_or_colon]) {
+                                .Comma => tree.nextToken(comma_or_colon),
+                                else => comma_or_colon,
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+                    unreachable;
+                };
 
-            for (asm_node.clobbers) |clobber_node, i| {
-                if (i + 1 >= asm_node.clobbers.len) {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, clobber_node, Space.Newline);
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                    return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.rparen, indent, start_col, space);
-                } else {
-                    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent_extra, start_col, clobber_node, Space.None);
-                    const comma = tree.nextToken(clobber_node.lastToken());
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, indent_once, start_col, Space.Space); // ,
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, colon3, Space.Space); // :
+                stream.pushIndentN(2);
+                defer stream.popIndent();
+                for (asm_node.clobbers) |clobber_node, i| {
+                    if (i + 1 >= asm_node.clobbers.len) {
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, clobber_node, Space.Newline);
+                        break :asmblk;
+                    } else {
+                        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, clobber_node, Space.None);
+                        const comma = tree.nextToken(clobber_node.lastToken());
+                        try renderToken(tree, stream, comma, Space.Space); // ,
+                    }
                 }
             }
+
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_node.rparen, space);
         },
 
         .EnumLiteral => {
             const enum_literal = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.EnumLiteral, "base", base);
 
-            try renderToken(tree, stream, enum_literal.dot, indent, start_col, Space.None); // .
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, enum_literal.name, indent, start_col, space); // name
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, enum_literal.dot, Space.None); // .
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, enum_literal.name, space); // name
         },
 
         .ContainerField,
@@ -2131,116 +2059,113 @@ fn renderArrayType(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     lbracket: ast.TokenIndex,
     rhs: *ast.Node,
     len_expr: *ast.Node,
     opt_sentinel: ?*ast.Node,
     space: Space,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     const rbracket = tree.nextToken(if (opt_sentinel) |sentinel|
         sentinel.lastToken()
     else
         len_expr.lastToken());
 
-    try renderToken(tree, stream, lbracket, indent, start_col, Space.None); // [
-
     const starts_with_comment = tree.token_ids[lbracket + 1] == .LineComment;
     const ends_with_comment = tree.token_ids[rbracket - 1] == .LineComment;
-    const new_indent = if (ends_with_comment) indent + indent_delta else indent;
     const new_space = if (ends_with_comment) Space.Newline else Space.None;
-    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, new_indent, start_col, len_expr, new_space);
-    if (starts_with_comment) {
-        try stream.writeByte('\n');
-    }
-    if (ends_with_comment or starts_with_comment) {
-        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-    }
-    if (opt_sentinel) |sentinel| {
-        const colon_token = tree.prevToken(sentinel.firstToken());
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, colon_token, indent, start_col, Space.None); // :
-        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, sentinel, Space.None);
+    {
+        const do_indent = (starts_with_comment or ends_with_comment);
+        if (do_indent) stream.pushIndent();
+        defer if (do_indent) stream.popIndent();
+
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, lbracket, Space.None); // [
+        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, len_expr, new_space);
+
+        if (starts_with_comment) {
+            try stream.maybeInsertNewline();
+        }
+        if (opt_sentinel) |sentinel| {
+            const colon_token = tree.prevToken(sentinel.firstToken());
+            try renderToken(tree, stream, colon_token, Space.None); // :
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, sentinel, Space.None);
+        }
+        if (starts_with_comment) {
+            try stream.maybeInsertNewline();
+        }
     }
-    try renderToken(tree, stream, rbracket, indent, start_col, Space.None); // ]
+    try renderToken(tree, stream, rbracket, Space.None); // ]
 
-    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, rhs, space);
+    return renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, rhs, space);
 }
 
 fn renderAsmOutput(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     asm_output: *const ast.Node.Asm.Output,
     space: Space,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
-    try stream.writeAll("[");
-    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_output.symbolic_name, Space.None);
-    try stream.writeAll("] ");
-    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_output.constraint, Space.None);
-    try stream.writeAll(" (");
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
+    try stream.writer().writeAll("[");
+    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_output.symbolic_name, Space.None);
+    try stream.writer().writeAll("] ");
+    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_output.constraint, Space.None);
+    try stream.writer().writeAll(" (");
 
     switch (asm_output.kind) {
         ast.Node.Asm.Output.Kind.Variable => |variable_name| {
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, &variable_name.base, Space.None);
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, &variable_name.base, Space.None);
         },
         ast.Node.Asm.Output.Kind.Return => |return_type| {
-            try stream.writeAll("-> ");
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, return_type, Space.None);
+            try stream.writer().writeAll("-> ");
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, return_type, Space.None);
         },
     }
 
-    return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_output.lastToken(), indent, start_col, space); // )
+    return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_output.lastToken(), space); // )
 }
 
 fn renderAsmInput(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     asm_input: *const ast.Node.Asm.Input,
     space: Space,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
-    try stream.writeAll("[");
-    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_input.symbolic_name, Space.None);
-    try stream.writeAll("] ");
-    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_input.constraint, Space.None);
-    try stream.writeAll(" (");
-    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, asm_input.expr, Space.None);
-    return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_input.lastToken(), indent, start_col, space); // )
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
+    try stream.writer().writeAll("[");
+    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_input.symbolic_name, Space.None);
+    try stream.writer().writeAll("] ");
+    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_input.constraint, Space.None);
+    try stream.writer().writeAll(" (");
+    try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, asm_input.expr, Space.None);
+    return renderToken(tree, stream, asm_input.lastToken(), space); // )
 }
 
 fn renderVarDecl(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     var_decl: *ast.Node.VarDecl,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("visib_token")) |visib_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, visib_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // pub
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, visib_token, Space.Space); // pub
     }
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("extern_export_token")) |extern_export_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, extern_export_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // extern
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, extern_export_token, Space.Space); // extern
 
         if (var_decl.getTrailer("lib_name")) |lib_name| {
-            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, lib_name, Space.Space); // "lib"
+            try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, lib_name, Space.Space); // "lib"
         }
     }
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("comptime_token")) |comptime_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, comptime_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // comptime
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, comptime_token, Space.Space); // comptime
     }
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("thread_local_token")) |thread_local_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, thread_local_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // threadlocal
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, thread_local_token, Space.Space); // threadlocal
     }
-    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.mut_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space); // var
+    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.mut_token, Space.Space); // var
 
     const name_space = if (var_decl.getTrailer("type_node") == null and
         (var_decl.getTrailer("align_node") != null or
@@ -2249,70 +2174,69 @@ fn renderVarDecl(
         Space.Space
     else
         Space.None;
-    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.name_token, indent, start_col, name_space);
+    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.name_token, name_space);
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("type_node")) |type_node| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(var_decl.name_token), indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(var_decl.name_token), Space.Space);
         const s = if (var_decl.getTrailer("align_node") != null or
             var_decl.getTrailer("section_node") != null or
             var_decl.getTrailer("init_node") != null) Space.Space else Space.None;
-        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, type_node, s);
+        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, type_node, s);
     }
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("align_node")) |align_node| {
         const lparen = tree.prevToken(align_node.firstToken());
         const align_kw = tree.prevToken(lparen);
         const rparen = tree.nextToken(align_node.lastToken());
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, indent, start_col, Space.None); // align
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, align_node, Space.None);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, align_kw, Space.None); // align
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
+        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, align_node, Space.None);
         const s = if (var_decl.getTrailer("section_node") != null or var_decl.getTrailer("init_node") != null) Space.Space else Space.None;
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, s); // )
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, s); // )
     }
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("section_node")) |section_node| {
         const lparen = tree.prevToken(section_node.firstToken());
         const section_kw = tree.prevToken(lparen);
         const rparen = tree.nextToken(section_node.lastToken());
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, section_kw, indent, start_col, Space.None); // linksection
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, indent, start_col, Space.None); // (
-        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, section_node, Space.None);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, section_kw, Space.None); // linksection
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, lparen, Space.None); // (
+        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, section_node, Space.None);
         const s = if (var_decl.getTrailer("init_node") != null) Space.Space else Space.None;
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, indent, start_col, s); // )
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, rparen, s); // )
     }
 
     if (var_decl.getTrailer("init_node")) |init_node| {
         const s = if (init_node.tag == .MultilineStringLiteral) Space.None else Space.Space;
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.getTrailer("eq_token").?, indent, start_col, s); // =
-        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, init_node, Space.None);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.getTrailer("eq_token").?, s); // =
+        stream.pushIndentOneShot();
+        try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, init_node, Space.None);
     }
 
-    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.semicolon_token, indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+    try renderToken(tree, stream, var_decl.semicolon_token, Space.Newline);
 }
 
 fn renderParamDecl(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     param_decl: ast.Node.FnProto.ParamDecl,
     space: Space,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
-    try renderDocComments(tree, stream, param_decl, param_decl.doc_comments, indent, start_col);
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
+    try renderDocComments(tree, stream, param_decl, param_decl.doc_comments);
 
     if (param_decl.comptime_token) |comptime_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, comptime_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, comptime_token, Space.Space);
     }
     if (param_decl.noalias_token) |noalias_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, noalias_token, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, noalias_token, Space.Space);
     }
     if (param_decl.name_token) |name_token| {
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, name_token, indent, start_col, Space.None);
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(name_token), indent, start_col, Space.Space); // :
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, name_token, Space.None);
+        try renderToken(tree, stream, tree.nextToken(name_token), Space.Space); // :
     }
     switch (param_decl.param_type) {
-        .any_type, .type_expr => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, node, space),
+        .any_type, .type_expr => |node| try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, node, space),
     }
 }
 
@@ -2320,24 +2244,22 @@ fn renderStatement(
     allocator: *mem.Allocator,
     stream: anytype,
     tree: *ast.Tree,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     base: *ast.Node,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     switch (base.tag) {
         .VarDecl => {
             const var_decl = @fieldParentPtr(ast.Node.VarDecl, "base", base);
-            try renderVarDecl(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, var_decl);
+            try renderVarDecl(allocator, stream, tree, var_decl);
         },
         else => {
             if (base.requireSemiColon()) {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, base, Space.None);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, base, Space.None);
 
                 const semicolon_index = tree.nextToken(base.lastToken());
                 assert(tree.token_ids[semicolon_index] == .Semicolon);
-                try renderToken(tree, stream, semicolon_index, indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+                try renderToken(tree, stream, semicolon_index, Space.Newline);
             } else {
-                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, indent, start_col, base, Space.Newline);
+                try renderExpression(allocator, stream, tree, base, Space.Newline);
             }
         },
     }
@@ -2358,22 +2280,17 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
     tree: *ast.Tree,
     stream: anytype,
     token_index: ast.TokenIndex,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     space: Space,
     token_skip_bytes: usize,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     if (space == Space.BlockStart) {
-        if (start_col.* < indent + indent_delta)
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, token_index, indent, start_col, Space.Space);
-        try renderToken(tree, stream, token_index, indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
-        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-        start_col.* = indent;
-        return;
+        // If placing the lbrace on the current line would cause an uggly gap then put the lbrace on the next line
+        const new_space = if (stream.isLineOverIndented()) Space.Newline else Space.Space;
+        return renderToken(tree, stream, token_index, new_space);
     }
 
     var token_loc = tree.token_locs[token_index];
-    try stream.writeAll(mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(token_loc)[token_skip_bytes..], " "));
+    try stream.writer().writeAll(mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(token_loc)[token_skip_bytes..], " "));
 
     if (space == Space.NoComment)
         return;
@@ -2382,20 +2299,20 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
     var next_token_loc = tree.token_locs[token_index + 1];
 
     if (space == Space.Comma) switch (next_token_id) {
-        .Comma => return renderToken(tree, stream, token_index + 1, indent, start_col, Space.Newline),
+        .Comma => return renderToken(tree, stream, token_index + 1, Space.Newline),
         .LineComment => {
-            try stream.writeAll(", ");
-            return renderToken(tree, stream, token_index + 1, indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
+            try stream.writer().writeAll(", ");
+            return renderToken(tree, stream, token_index + 1, Space.Newline);
         },
         else => {
             if (token_index + 2 < tree.token_ids.len and
                 tree.token_ids[token_index + 2] == .MultilineStringLiteralLine)
             {
-                try stream.writeAll(",");
+                try stream.writer().writeAll(",");
                 return;
             } else {
-                try stream.writeAll(",\n");
-                start_col.* = 0;
+                try stream.writer().writeAll(",");
+                try stream.insertNewline();
                 return;
             }
         },
@@ -2419,15 +2336,14 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
                 if (next_token_id == .MultilineStringLiteralLine) {
                     return;
                 } else {
-                    try stream.writeAll("\n");
-                    start_col.* = 0;
+                    try stream.insertNewline();
                     return;
                 }
             },
             Space.Space, Space.SpaceOrOutdent => {
                 if (next_token_id == .MultilineStringLiteralLine)
                     return;
-                try stream.writeByte(' ');
+                try stream.writer().writeByte(' ');
                 return;
             },
             Space.NoComment, Space.Comma, Space.BlockStart => unreachable,
@@ -2444,8 +2360,7 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
                     next_token_id = tree.token_ids[token_index + offset];
                     next_token_loc = tree.token_locs[token_index + offset];
                     if (next_token_id != .LineComment) {
-                        try stream.writeByte('\n');
-                        start_col.* = 0;
+                        try stream.insertNewline();
                         return;
                     }
                 },
@@ -2458,7 +2373,7 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
 
     var loc = tree.tokenLocationLoc(token_loc.end, next_token_loc);
     if (loc.line == 0) {
-        try stream.print(" {}", .{mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(next_token_loc), " ")});
+        try stream.writer().print(" {}", .{mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(next_token_loc), " ")});
         offset = 2;
         token_loc = next_token_loc;
         next_token_loc = tree.token_locs[token_index + offset];
@@ -2466,26 +2381,16 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
         if (next_token_id != .LineComment) {
             switch (space) {
                 Space.None, Space.Space => {
-                    try stream.writeByte('\n');
-                    const after_comment_token = tree.token_ids[token_index + offset];
-                    const next_line_indent = switch (after_comment_token) {
-                        .RParen, .RBrace, .RBracket => indent,
-                        else => indent + indent_delta,
-                    };
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', next_line_indent);
-                    start_col.* = next_line_indent;
+                    try stream.insertNewline();
                 },
                 Space.SpaceOrOutdent => {
-                    try stream.writeByte('\n');
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                    start_col.* = indent;
+                    try stream.insertNewline();
                 },
                 Space.Newline => {
                     if (next_token_id == .MultilineStringLiteralLine) {
                         return;
                     } else {
-                        try stream.writeAll("\n");
-                        start_col.* = 0;
+                        try stream.insertNewline();
                         return;
                     }
                 },
@@ -2501,10 +2406,9 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
         // translate-c doesn't generate correct newlines
         // in generated code (loc.line == 0) so treat that case
         // as though there was meant to be a newline between the tokens
-        const newline_count = if (loc.line <= 1) @as(u8, 1) else @as(u8, 2);
-        try stream.writeByteNTimes('\n', newline_count);
-        try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-        try stream.writeAll(mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(next_token_loc), " "));
+        var newline_count = if (loc.line <= 1) @as(u8, 1) else @as(u8, 2);
+        while (newline_count > 0) : (newline_count -= 1) try stream.insertNewline();
+        try stream.writer().writeAll(mem.trimRight(u8, tree.tokenSliceLoc(next_token_loc), " "));
 
         offset += 1;
         token_loc = next_token_loc;
@@ -2516,32 +2420,15 @@ fn renderTokenOffset(
                     if (next_token_id == .MultilineStringLiteralLine) {
                         return;
                     } else {
-                        try stream.writeAll("\n");
-                        start_col.* = 0;
+                        try stream.insertNewline();
                         return;
                     }
                 },
                 Space.None, Space.Space => {
-                    try stream.writeByte('\n');
-
-                    const after_comment_token = tree.token_ids[token_index + offset];
-                    const next_line_indent = switch (after_comment_token) {
-                        .RParen, .RBrace, .RBracket => blk: {
-                            if (indent > indent_delta) {
-                                break :blk indent - indent_delta;
-                            } else {
-                                break :blk 0;
-                            }
-                        },
-                        else => indent,
-                    };
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', next_line_indent);
-                    start_col.* = next_line_indent;
+                    try stream.insertNewline();
                 },
                 Space.SpaceOrOutdent => {
-                    try stream.writeByte('\n');
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
-                    start_col.* = indent;
+                    try stream.insertNewline();
                 },
                 Space.NoNewline => {},
                 Space.NoComment, Space.Comma, Space.BlockStart => unreachable,
@@ -2556,11 +2443,9 @@ fn renderToken(
     tree: *ast.Tree,
     stream: anytype,
     token_index: ast.TokenIndex,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
     space: Space,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
-    return renderTokenOffset(tree, stream, token_index, indent, start_col, space, 0);
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
+    return renderTokenOffset(tree, stream, token_index, space, 0);
 }
 
 fn renderDocComments(
@@ -2568,11 +2453,9 @@ fn renderDocComments(
     stream: anytype,
     node: anytype,
     doc_comments: ?*ast.Node.DocComment,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     const comment = doc_comments orelse return;
-    return renderDocCommentsToken(tree, stream, comment, node.firstToken(), indent, start_col);
+    return renderDocCommentsToken(tree, stream, comment, node.firstToken());
 }
 
 fn renderDocCommentsToken(
@@ -2580,20 +2463,16 @@ fn renderDocCommentsToken(
     stream: anytype,
     comment: *ast.Node.DocComment,
     first_token: ast.TokenIndex,
-    indent: usize,
-    start_col: *usize,
-) (@TypeOf(stream).Error || Error)!void {
+) (@TypeOf(stream.*).Error || Error)!void {
     var tok_i = comment.first_line;
     while (true) : (tok_i += 1) {
         switch (tree.token_ids[tok_i]) {
             .DocComment, .ContainerDocComment => {
                 if (comment.first_line < first_token) {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tok_i, indent, start_col, Space.Newline);
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tok_i, Space.Newline);
                 } else {
-                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tok_i, indent, start_col, Space.NoComment);
-                    try stream.writeAll("\n");
-                    try stream.writeByteNTimes(' ', indent);
+                    try renderToken(tree, stream, tok_i, Space.NoComment);
+                    try stream.insertNewline();
                 }
             },
             .LineComment => continue,
@@ -2665,41 +2544,10 @@ fn nodeCausesSliceOpSpace(base: *ast.Node) bool {
     };
 }
 
-/// A `std.io.OutStream` that returns whether the given character has been written to it.
-/// The contents are not written to anything.
-const FindByteOutStream = struct {
-    byte_found: bool,
-    byte: u8,
-
-    pub const Error = error{};
-    pub const OutStream = std.io.OutStream(*FindByteOutStream, Error, write);
-
-    pub fn init(byte: u8) FindByteOutStream {
-        return FindByteOutStream{
-            .byte = byte,
-            .byte_found = false,
-        };
-    }
-
-    pub fn write(self: *FindByteOutStream, bytes: []const u8) Error!usize {
-        if (self.byte_found) return bytes.len;
-        self.byte_found = blk: {
-            for (bytes) |b|
-                if (b == self.byte) break :blk true;
-            break :blk false;
-        };
-        return bytes.len;
-    }
-
-    pub fn outStream(self: *FindByteOutStream) OutStream {
-        return .{ .context = self };
-    }
-};
-
-fn copyFixingWhitespace(stream: anytype, slice: []const u8) @TypeOf(stream).Error!void {
+fn copyFixingWhitespace(stream: anytype, slice: []const u8) @TypeOf(stream.*).Error!void {
     for (slice) |byte| switch (byte) {
-        '\t' => try stream.writeAll("    "),
+        '\t' => try stream.writer().writeAll("    "),
         '\r' => {},
-        else => try stream.writeByte(byte),
+        else => try stream.writer().writeByte(byte),
     };
 }
lib/std/io.zig
@@ -169,6 +169,15 @@ pub const BitOutStream = BitWriter;
 /// Deprecated: use `bitWriter`
 pub const bitOutStream = bitWriter;
 
+pub const AutoIndentingStream = @import("io/auto_indenting_stream.zig").AutoIndentingStream;
+pub const autoIndentingStream = @import("io/auto_indenting_stream.zig").autoIndentingStream;
+
+pub const ChangeDetectionStream = @import("io/change_detection_stream.zig").ChangeDetectionStream;
+pub const changeDetectionStream = @import("io/change_detection_stream.zig").changeDetectionStream;
+
+pub const FindByteOutStream = @import("io/find_byte_out_stream.zig").FindByteOutStream;
+pub const findByteOutStream = @import("io/find_byte_out_stream.zig").findByteOutStream;
+
 pub const Packing = @import("io/serialization.zig").Packing;
 
 pub const Serializer = @import("io/serialization.zig").Serializer;
@@ -182,10 +191,10 @@ pub const BufferedAtomicFile = @import("io/buffered_atomic_file.zig").BufferedAt
 pub const StreamSource = @import("io/stream_source.zig").StreamSource;
 
 /// A Writer that doesn't write to anything.
-pub const null_writer = @as(NullWriter, .{ .context = {} });
+pub var null_writer = @as(NullWriter, .{ .context = {} });
 
 /// Deprecated: use `null_writer`
-pub const null_out_stream = null_writer;
+pub var null_out_stream = null_writer;
 
 const NullWriter = Writer(void, error{}, dummyWrite);
 /// Deprecated: use NullWriter
src-self-hosted/main.zig
@@ -682,13 +682,13 @@ pub fn cmdFmt(gpa: *Allocator, args: []const []const u8) !void {
             process.exit(1);
         }
         if (check_flag) {
-            const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(gpa, io.null_out_stream, tree);
+            const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(gpa, &io.null_out_stream, tree);
             const code = if (anything_changed) @as(u8, 1) else @as(u8, 0);
             process.exit(code);
         }
 
         const stdout = io.getStdOut().outStream();
-        _ = try std.zig.render(gpa, stdout, tree);
+        _ = try std.zig.render(gpa, &stdout, tree);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ fn fmtPathFile(
     }
 
     if (check_mode) {
-        const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(fmt.gpa, io.null_out_stream, tree);
+        const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(fmt.gpa, &io.null_out_stream, tree);
         if (anything_changed) {
             std.debug.print("{}\n", .{file_path});
             fmt.any_error = true;
@@ -839,7 +839,8 @@ fn fmtPathFile(
         // As a heuristic, we make enough capacity for the same as the input source.
         try fmt.out_buffer.ensureCapacity(source_code.len);
         fmt.out_buffer.items.len = 0;
-        const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(fmt.gpa, fmt.out_buffer.writer(), tree);
+        const writer = fmt.out_buffer.writer();
+        const anything_changed = try std.zig.render(fmt.gpa, &writer, tree);
         if (!anything_changed)
             return; // Good thing we didn't waste any file system access on this.
 
src-self-hosted/stage2.zig
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ export fn stage2_free_clang_errors(errors_ptr: [*]translate_c.ClangErrMsg, error
 
 export fn stage2_render_ast(tree: *ast.Tree, output_file: *FILE) Error {
     const c_out_stream = std.io.cOutStream(output_file);
-    _ = std.zig.render(std.heap.c_allocator, c_out_stream, tree) catch |e| switch (e) {
+    _ = std.zig.render(std.heap.c_allocator, &c_out_stream, tree) catch |e| switch (e) {
         error.WouldBlock => unreachable, // stage1 opens stuff in exclusively blocking mode
         error.NotOpenForWriting => unreachable,
         error.SystemResources => return .SystemResources,