Commit 8c41a8e761

lucky <53379023+x13a@users.noreply.github.com>
2021-08-24 13:58:09
add scrypt kdf (#9577)
add phc encoding parser add password hash functions to benchmark change bcrypt to be consistent with scrypt Co-authored-by: lucky <>
1 parent a98fa56
lib/std/crypto/bcrypt.zig
@@ -6,21 +6,28 @@
 
 const std = @import("std");
 const crypto = std.crypto;
+const debug = std.debug;
 const fmt = std.fmt;
 const math = std.math;
 const mem = std.mem;
-const debug = std.debug;
+const pwhash = crypto.pwhash;
 const testing = std.testing;
 const utils = crypto.utils;
-const EncodingError = crypto.errors.EncodingError;
-const PasswordVerificationError = crypto.errors.PasswordVerificationError;
+
+const phc_format = @import("phc_encoding.zig");
+
+const KdfError = pwhash.KdfError;
+const HasherError = pwhash.HasherError;
+const EncodingError = phc_format.Error;
+const Error = pwhash.Error;
 
 const salt_length: usize = 16;
 const salt_str_length: usize = 22;
 const ct_str_length: usize = 31;
 const ct_length: usize = 24;
+const dk_length: usize = ct_length - 1;
 
-/// Length (in bytes) of a password hash
+/// Length (in bytes) of a password hash in crypt encoding
 pub const hash_length: usize = 60;
 
 const State = struct {
@@ -139,71 +146,15 @@ const State = struct {
     }
 };
 
-// bcrypt has its own variant of base64, with its own alphabet and no padding
-const Codec = struct {
-    const alphabet = "./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
-
-    fn encode(b64: []u8, bin: []const u8) void {
-        var i: usize = 0;
-        var j: usize = 0;
-        while (i < bin.len) {
-            var c1 = bin[i];
-            i += 1;
-            b64[j] = alphabet[c1 >> 2];
-            j += 1;
-            c1 = (c1 & 3) << 4;
-            if (i >= bin.len) {
-                b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
-                j += 1;
-                break;
-            }
-            var c2 = bin[i];
-            i += 1;
-            c1 |= (c2 >> 4) & 0x0f;
-            b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
-            j += 1;
-            c1 = (c2 & 0x0f) << 2;
-            if (i >= bin.len) {
-                b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
-                j += 1;
-                break;
-            }
-            c2 = bin[i];
-            i += 1;
-            c1 |= (c2 >> 6) & 3;
-            b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
-            b64[j + 1] = alphabet[c2 & 0x3f];
-            j += 2;
-        }
-        debug.assert(j == b64.len);
-    }
-
-    fn decode(bin: []u8, b64: []const u8) EncodingError!void {
-        var i: usize = 0;
-        var j: usize = 0;
-        while (j < bin.len) {
-            const c1 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i]) orelse return error.InvalidEncoding);
-            const c2 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i + 1]) orelse return error.InvalidEncoding);
-            bin[j] = (c1 << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4);
-            j += 1;
-            if (j >= bin.len) {
-                break;
-            }
-            const c3 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i + 2]) orelse return error.InvalidEncoding);
-            bin[j] = ((c2 & 0x0f) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3c) >> 2);
-            j += 1;
-            if (j >= bin.len) {
-                break;
-            }
-            const c4 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i + 3]) orelse return error.InvalidEncoding);
-            bin[j] = ((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | c4;
-            j += 1;
-            i += 4;
-        }
-    }
+pub const Params = struct {
+    rounds_log: u6,
 };
 
-fn strHashInternal(password: []const u8, rounds_log: u6, salt: [salt_length]u8) ![hash_length]u8 {
+pub fn bcrypt(
+    password: []const u8,
+    salt: [salt_length]u8,
+    params: Params,
+) [dk_length]u8 {
     var state = State{};
     var password_buf: [73]u8 = undefined;
     const trimmed_len = math.min(password.len, password_buf.len - 1);
@@ -212,7 +163,7 @@ fn strHashInternal(password: []const u8, rounds_log: u6, salt: [salt_length]u8)
     var passwordZ = password_buf[0 .. trimmed_len + 1];
     state.expand(salt[0..], passwordZ);
 
-    const rounds: u64 = @as(u64, 1) << rounds_log;
+    const rounds: u64 = @as(u64, 1) << params.rounds_log;
     var k: u64 = 0;
     while (k < rounds) : (k += 1) {
         state.expand0(passwordZ);
@@ -230,18 +181,203 @@ fn strHashInternal(password: []const u8, rounds_log: u6, salt: [salt_length]u8)
     for (cdata) |c, i| {
         mem.writeIntBig(u32, ct[i * 4 ..][0..4], c);
     }
+    return ct[0..dk_length].*;
+}
 
-    var salt_str: [salt_str_length]u8 = undefined;
-    Codec.encode(salt_str[0..], salt[0..]);
+const crypt_format = struct {
+    /// String prefix for bcrypt
+    pub const prefix = "$2";
+
+    // bcrypt has its own variant of base64, with its own alphabet and no padding
+    const Codec = struct {
+        const alphabet = "./ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
+
+        fn encode(b64: []u8, bin: []const u8) void {
+            var i: usize = 0;
+            var j: usize = 0;
+            while (i < bin.len) {
+                var c1 = bin[i];
+                i += 1;
+                b64[j] = alphabet[c1 >> 2];
+                j += 1;
+                c1 = (c1 & 3) << 4;
+                if (i >= bin.len) {
+                    b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
+                    j += 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+                var c2 = bin[i];
+                i += 1;
+                c1 |= (c2 >> 4) & 0x0f;
+                b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
+                j += 1;
+                c1 = (c2 & 0x0f) << 2;
+                if (i >= bin.len) {
+                    b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
+                    j += 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+                c2 = bin[i];
+                i += 1;
+                c1 |= (c2 >> 6) & 3;
+                b64[j] = alphabet[c1];
+                b64[j + 1] = alphabet[c2 & 0x3f];
+                j += 2;
+            }
+            debug.assert(j == b64.len);
+        }
+
+        fn decode(bin: []u8, b64: []const u8) EncodingError!void {
+            var i: usize = 0;
+            var j: usize = 0;
+            while (j < bin.len) {
+                const c1 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i]) orelse
+                    return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding);
+                const c2 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i + 1]) orelse
+                    return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding);
+                bin[j] = (c1 << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4);
+                j += 1;
+                if (j >= bin.len) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                const c3 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i + 2]) orelse
+                    return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding);
+                bin[j] = ((c2 & 0x0f) << 4) | ((c3 & 0x3c) >> 2);
+                j += 1;
+                if (j >= bin.len) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                const c4 = @intCast(u8, mem.indexOfScalar(u8, alphabet, b64[i + 3]) orelse
+                    return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding);
+                bin[j] = ((c3 & 0x03) << 6) | c4;
+                j += 1;
+                i += 4;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    fn strHashInternal(
+        password: []const u8,
+        salt: [salt_length]u8,
+        params: Params,
+    ) [hash_length]u8 {
+        var dk = bcrypt(password, salt, params);
+
+        var salt_str: [salt_str_length]u8 = undefined;
+        Codec.encode(salt_str[0..], salt[0..]);
+
+        var ct_str: [ct_str_length]u8 = undefined;
+        Codec.encode(ct_str[0..], dk[0..]);
+
+        var s_buf: [hash_length]u8 = undefined;
+        const s = fmt.bufPrint(
+            s_buf[0..],
+            "{s}b${d}{d}${s}{s}",
+            .{ prefix, params.rounds_log / 10, params.rounds_log % 10, salt_str, ct_str },
+        ) catch unreachable;
+        debug.assert(s.len == s_buf.len);
+        return s_buf;
+    }
+};
 
-    var ct_str: [ct_str_length]u8 = undefined;
-    Codec.encode(ct_str[0..], ct[0 .. ct.len - 1]);
+/// Hash and verify passwords using the PHC format.
+const PhcFormatHasher = struct {
+    const alg_id = "bcrypt";
+    const BinValue = phc_format.BinValue;
+
+    const HashResult = struct {
+        alg_id: []const u8,
+        r: u6,
+        salt: BinValue(salt_length),
+        hash: BinValue(dk_length),
+    };
+
+    /// Return a non-deterministic hash of the password encoded as a PHC-format string
+    pub fn create(
+        password: []const u8,
+        params: Params,
+        buf: []u8,
+    ) HasherError![]const u8 {
+        var salt: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
+        crypto.random.bytes(&salt);
+
+        const hash = bcrypt(password, salt, params);
+
+        return phc_format.serialize(HashResult{
+            .alg_id = alg_id,
+            .r = params.rounds_log,
+            .salt = try BinValue(salt_length).fromSlice(&salt),
+            .hash = try BinValue(dk_length).fromSlice(&hash),
+        }, buf);
+    }
 
-    var s_buf: [hash_length]u8 = undefined;
-    const s = fmt.bufPrint(s_buf[0..], "$2b${d}{d}${s}{s}", .{ rounds_log / 10, rounds_log % 10, salt_str, ct_str }) catch unreachable;
-    debug.assert(s.len == s_buf.len);
-    return s_buf;
-}
+    /// Verify a password against a PHC-format encoded string
+    pub fn verify(
+        str: []const u8,
+        password: []const u8,
+    ) HasherError!void {
+        const hash_result = try phc_format.deserialize(HashResult, str);
+
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, hash_result.alg_id, alg_id)) return HasherError.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+        if (hash_result.salt.len != salt_length or hash_result.hash.len != dk_length)
+            return HasherError.InvalidEncoding;
+
+        const hash = bcrypt(password, hash_result.salt.buf, .{ .rounds_log = hash_result.r });
+        const expected_hash = hash_result.hash.constSlice();
+
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, &hash, expected_hash)) return HasherError.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Hash and verify passwords using the modular crypt format.
+const CryptFormatHasher = struct {
+    /// Length of a string returned by the create() function
+    pub const pwhash_str_length: usize = hash_length;
+
+    /// Return a non-deterministic hash of the password encoded into the modular crypt format
+    pub fn create(
+        password: []const u8,
+        params: Params,
+        buf: []u8,
+    ) HasherError![]const u8 {
+        if (buf.len < pwhash_str_length) return HasherError.NoSpaceLeft;
+
+        var salt: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
+        crypto.random.bytes(&salt);
+
+        const hash = crypt_format.strHashInternal(password, salt, params);
+        mem.copy(u8, buf, &hash);
+
+        return buf[0..pwhash_str_length];
+    }
+
+    /// Verify a password against a string in modular crypt format
+    pub fn verify(
+        str: []const u8,
+        password: []const u8,
+    ) HasherError!void {
+        if (str.len != pwhash_str_length or str[3] != '$' or str[6] != '$')
+            return HasherError.InvalidEncoding;
+
+        const rounds_log_str = str[4..][0..2];
+        const rounds_log = fmt.parseInt(u6, rounds_log_str[0..], 10) catch
+            return HasherError.InvalidEncoding;
+
+        const salt_str = str[7..][0..salt_str_length];
+        var salt: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
+        try crypt_format.Codec.decode(salt[0..], salt_str[0..]);
+
+        const wanted_s = crypt_format.strHashInternal(password, salt, .{ .rounds_log = rounds_log });
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, wanted_s[0..], str[0..])) return HasherError.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Options for hashing a password.
+pub const HashOptions = struct {
+    allocator: ?*mem.Allocator = null,
+    params: Params,
+    encoding: pwhash.Encoding,
+};
 
 /// Compute a hash of a password using 2^rounds_log rounds of the bcrypt key stretching function.
 /// bcrypt is a computationally expensive and cache-hard function, explicitly designed to slow down exhaustive searches.
@@ -251,24 +387,32 @@ fn strHashInternal(password: []const u8, rounds_log: u6, salt: [salt_length]u8)
 /// IMPORTANT: by design, bcrypt silently truncates passwords to 72 bytes.
 /// If this is an issue for your application, hash the password first using a function such as SHA-512,
 /// and then use the resulting hash as the password parameter for bcrypt.
-pub fn strHash(password: []const u8, rounds_log: u6) ![hash_length]u8 {
-    var salt: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
-    crypto.random.bytes(&salt);
-    return strHashInternal(password, rounds_log, salt);
+pub fn strHash(
+    password: []const u8,
+    options: HashOptions,
+    out: []u8,
+) Error![]const u8 {
+    switch (options.encoding) {
+        .phc => return PhcFormatHasher.create(password, options.params, out),
+        .crypt => return CryptFormatHasher.create(password, options.params, out),
+    }
 }
 
+/// Options for hash verification.
+pub const VerifyOptions = struct {
+    allocator: ?*mem.Allocator = null,
+};
+
 /// Verify that a previously computed hash is valid for a given password.
-pub fn strVerify(h: [hash_length]u8, password: []const u8) (EncodingError || PasswordVerificationError)!void {
-    if (!mem.eql(u8, "$2", h[0..2])) return error.InvalidEncoding;
-    if (h[3] != '$' or h[6] != '$') return error.InvalidEncoding;
-    const rounds_log_str = h[4..][0..2];
-    const salt_str = h[7..][0..salt_str_length];
-    var salt: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
-    try Codec.decode(salt[0..], salt_str[0..]);
-    const rounds_log = fmt.parseInt(u6, rounds_log_str[0..], 10) catch return error.InvalidEncoding;
-    const wanted_s = try strHashInternal(password, rounds_log, salt);
-    if (!mem.eql(u8, wanted_s[0..], h[0..])) {
-        return error.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+pub fn strVerify(
+    str: []const u8,
+    password: []const u8,
+    _: VerifyOptions,
+) Error!void {
+    if (mem.startsWith(u8, str, crypt_format.prefix)) {
+        return CryptFormatHasher.verify(str, password);
+    } else {
+        return PhcFormatHasher.verify(str, password);
     }
 }
 
@@ -276,20 +420,71 @@ test "bcrypt codec" {
     var salt: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
     crypto.random.bytes(&salt);
     var salt_str: [salt_str_length]u8 = undefined;
-    Codec.encode(salt_str[0..], salt[0..]);
+    crypt_format.Codec.encode(salt_str[0..], salt[0..]);
     var salt2: [salt_length]u8 = undefined;
-    try Codec.decode(salt2[0..], salt_str[0..]);
+    try crypt_format.Codec.decode(salt2[0..], salt_str[0..]);
     try testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, salt[0..], salt2[0..]);
 }
 
-test "bcrypt" {
-    const s = try strHash("password", 5);
-    try strVerify(s, "password");
-    try testing.expectError(error.PasswordVerificationFailed, strVerify(s, "invalid password"));
-
-    const long_s = try strHash("password" ** 100, 5);
-    try strVerify(long_s, "password" ** 100);
-    try strVerify(long_s, "password" ** 101);
+test "bcrypt crypt format" {
+    const hash_options = HashOptions{
+        .params = .{ .rounds_log = 5 },
+        .encoding = .crypt,
+    };
+    const verify_options = VerifyOptions{};
+
+    var buf: [hash_length]u8 = undefined;
+    const s = try strHash("password", hash_options, &buf);
+
+    try testing.expect(mem.startsWith(u8, s, crypt_format.prefix));
+    try strVerify(s, "password", verify_options);
+    try testing.expectError(
+        error.PasswordVerificationFailed,
+        strVerify(s, "invalid password", verify_options),
+    );
+
+    var long_buf: [hash_length]u8 = undefined;
+    const long_s = try strHash("password" ** 100, hash_options, &long_buf);
+
+    try testing.expect(mem.startsWith(u8, long_s, crypt_format.prefix));
+    try strVerify(long_s, "password" ** 100, verify_options);
+    try strVerify(long_s, "password" ** 101, verify_options);
+
+    try strVerify(
+        "$2b$08$WUQKyBCaKpziCwUXHiMVvu40dYVjkTxtWJlftl0PpjY2BxWSvFIEe",
+        "The devil himself",
+        verify_options,
+    );
+}
 
-    try strVerify("$2b$08$WUQKyBCaKpziCwUXHiMVvu40dYVjkTxtWJlftl0PpjY2BxWSvFIEe".*, "The devil himself");
+test "bcrypt phc format" {
+    const hash_options = HashOptions{
+        .params = .{ .rounds_log = 5 },
+        .encoding = .phc,
+    };
+    const verify_options = VerifyOptions{};
+    const prefix = "$bcrypt$";
+
+    var buf: [hash_length * 2]u8 = undefined;
+    const s = try strHash("password", hash_options, &buf);
+
+    try testing.expect(mem.startsWith(u8, s, prefix));
+    try strVerify(s, "password", verify_options);
+    try testing.expectError(
+        error.PasswordVerificationFailed,
+        strVerify(s, "invalid password", verify_options),
+    );
+
+    var long_buf: [hash_length * 2]u8 = undefined;
+    const long_s = try strHash("password" ** 100, hash_options, &long_buf);
+
+    try testing.expect(mem.startsWith(u8, long_s, prefix));
+    try strVerify(long_s, "password" ** 100, verify_options);
+    try strVerify(long_s, "password" ** 101, verify_options);
+
+    try strVerify(
+        "$bcrypt$r=5$2NopntlgE2lX3cTwr4qz8A$r3T7iKYQNnY4hAhGjk9RmuyvgrYJZwc",
+        "The devil himself",
+        verify_options,
+    );
 }
lib/std/crypto/benchmark.zig
@@ -300,6 +300,43 @@ pub fn benchmarkAes8(comptime Aes: anytype, comptime count: comptime_int) !u64 {
     return throughput;
 }
 
+const CryptoPwhash = struct {
+    hashFn: anytype,
+    params: anytype,
+    name: []const u8,
+};
+const bcrypt_params = bcrypt.Params{ .rounds_log = 5 };
+const pwhashes = [_]CryptoPwhash{
+    CryptoPwhash{ .hashFn = bcrypt.strHash, .params = bcrypt_params, .name = "bcrypt" },
+    CryptoPwhash{ .hashFn = scrypt.strHash, .params = scrypt.Params.interactive, .name = "scrypt" },
+};
+
+fn benchmarkPwhash(
+    comptime hashFn: anytype,
+    comptime params: anytype,
+    comptime count: comptime_int,
+) !u64 {
+    const password = "testpass" ** 2;
+    const opts = .{ .allocator = std.testing.allocator, .params = params, .encoding = .phc };
+    var buf: [256]u8 = undefined;
+
+    var timer = try Timer.start();
+    const start = timer.lap();
+    {
+        var i: usize = 0;
+        while (i < count) : (i += 1) {
+            _ = try hashFn(password, opts, &buf);
+            mem.doNotOptimizeAway(&buf);
+        }
+    }
+    const end = timer.read();
+
+    const elapsed_s = @intToFloat(f64, end - start) / time.ns_per_s;
+    const throughput = @floatToInt(u64, count / elapsed_s);
+
+    return throughput;
+}
+
 fn usage() void {
     std.debug.warn(
         \\throughput_test [options]
@@ -418,4 +455,11 @@ pub fn main() !void {
             try stdout.print("{s:>17}: {:10} ops/s\n", .{ E.name, throughput });
         }
     }
+
+    inline for (pwhashes) |H| {
+        if (filter == null or std.mem.indexOf(u8, H.name, filter.?) != null) {
+            const throughput = try benchmarkPwhash(H.hashFn, H.params, mode(64));
+            try stdout.print("{s:>17}: {:10} ops/s\n", .{ H.name, throughput });
+        }
+    }
 }
lib/std/crypto/phc_encoding.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2015-2021 Zig Contributors
+// This file is part of [zig](https://ziglang.org/), which is MIT licensed.
+// The MIT license requires this copyright notice to be included in all copies
+// and substantial portions of the software.
+
+// https://github.com/P-H-C/phc-string-format
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const fmt = std.fmt;
+const io = std.io;
+const mem = std.mem;
+const meta = std.meta;
+
+const fields_delimiter = "$";
+const version_param_name = "v";
+const params_delimiter = ",";
+const kv_delimiter = "=";
+
+pub const Error = std.crypto.errors.EncodingError || error{NoSpaceLeft};
+
+const B64Decoder = std.base64.standard_no_pad.Decoder;
+const B64Encoder = std.base64.standard_no_pad.Encoder;
+
+/// A wrapped binary value whose maximum size is `max_len`.
+///
+/// This type must be used whenever a binary value is encoded in a PHC-formatted string.
+/// This includes `salt`, `hash`, and any other binary parameters such as keys.
+///
+/// Once initialized, the actual value can be read with the `constSlice()` function.
+pub fn BinValue(comptime max_len: usize) type {
+    return struct {
+        const Self = @This();
+        const capacity = max_len;
+        const max_encoded_length = B64Encoder.calcSize(max_len);
+
+        buf: [max_len]u8 = undefined,
+        len: usize = 0,
+
+        /// Wrap an existing byte slice
+        pub fn fromSlice(slice: []const u8) Error!Self {
+            if (slice.len > capacity) return Error.NoSpaceLeft;
+            var bin_value: Self = undefined;
+            mem.copy(u8, &bin_value.buf, slice);
+            bin_value.len = slice.len;
+            return bin_value;
+        }
+
+        /// Return the slice containing the actual value.
+        pub fn constSlice(self: Self) []const u8 {
+            return self.buf[0..self.len];
+        }
+
+        fn fromB64(self: *Self, str: []const u8) !void {
+            const len = B64Decoder.calcSizeForSlice(str) catch return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+            if (len > self.buf.len) return Error.NoSpaceLeft;
+            B64Decoder.decode(&self.buf, str) catch return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+            self.len = len;
+        }
+
+        fn toB64(self: Self, buf: []u8) ![]const u8 {
+            const value = self.constSlice();
+            const len = B64Encoder.calcSize(value.len);
+            if (len > buf.len) return Error.NoSpaceLeft;
+            return B64Encoder.encode(buf, value);
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+/// Deserialize a PHC-formatted string into a structure `HashResult`.
+///
+/// Required field in the `HashResult` structure:
+///   - `alg_id`: algorithm identifier
+/// Optional, special fields:
+///   - `alg_version`: algorithm version (unsigned integer)
+///   - `salt`: salt
+///   - `hash`: output of the hash function
+///
+/// Other fields will also be deserialized from the function parameters section.
+pub fn deserialize(comptime HashResult: type, str: []const u8) Error!HashResult {
+    var out = mem.zeroes(HashResult);
+    var it = mem.split(u8, str, fields_delimiter);
+    var set_fields: usize = 0;
+
+    while (true) {
+        // Read the algorithm identifier
+        if ((it.next() orelse return Error.InvalidEncoding).len != 0) return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+        out.alg_id = it.next() orelse return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+        set_fields += 1;
+
+        // Read the optional version number
+        var field = it.next() orelse break;
+        if (kvSplit(field)) |opt_version| {
+            if (mem.eql(u8, opt_version.key, version_param_name)) {
+                if (@hasField(HashResult, "alg_version")) {
+                    const value_type_info = switch (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(out.alg_version))) {
+                        .Optional => |opt| comptime @typeInfo(opt.child),
+                        else => |t| t,
+                    };
+                    out.alg_version = fmt.parseUnsigned(
+                        @Type(value_type_info),
+                        opt_version.value,
+                        10,
+                    ) catch return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+                    set_fields += 1;
+                }
+                field = it.next() orelse break;
+            }
+        } else |_| {}
+
+        // Read optional parameters
+        var has_params = false;
+        var it_params = mem.split(u8, field, params_delimiter);
+        while (it_params.next()) |params| {
+            const param = kvSplit(params) catch break;
+            var found = false;
+            inline for (comptime meta.fields(HashResult)) |p| {
+                if (mem.eql(u8, p.name, param.key)) {
+                    switch (@typeInfo(p.field_type)) {
+                        .Int => @field(out, p.name) = fmt.parseUnsigned(
+                            p.field_type,
+                            param.value,
+                            10,
+                        ) catch return Error.InvalidEncoding,
+                        .Pointer => |ptr| {
+                            if (!ptr.is_const) @compileError("Value slice must be constant");
+                            @field(out, p.name) = param.value;
+                        },
+                        .Struct => try @field(out, p.name).fromB64(param.value),
+                        else => std.debug.panic(
+                            "Value for [{s}] must be an integer, a constant slice or a BinValue",
+                            .{p.name},
+                        ),
+                    }
+                    set_fields += 1;
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) return Error.InvalidEncoding; // An unexpected parameter was found in the string
+            has_params = true;
+        }
+
+        // No separator between an empty parameters set and the salt
+        if (has_params) field = it.next() orelse break;
+
+        // Read an optional salt
+        if (@hasField(HashResult, "salt")) {
+            try out.salt.fromB64(field);
+            set_fields += 1;
+        } else {
+            return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+        }
+
+        // Read an optional hash
+        field = it.next() orelse break;
+        if (@hasField(HashResult, "hash")) {
+            try out.hash.fromB64(field);
+            set_fields += 1;
+        } else {
+            return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Check that all the required fields have been set, excluding optional values and parameters
+    // with default values
+    var expected_fields: usize = 0;
+    inline for (comptime meta.fields(HashResult)) |p| {
+        if (@typeInfo(p.field_type) != .Optional and p.default_value == null) {
+            expected_fields += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (set_fields < expected_fields) return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+
+    return out;
+}
+
+/// Serialize parameters into a PHC string.
+///
+/// Required field for `params`:
+///   - `alg_id`: algorithm identifier
+/// Optional, special fields:
+///   - `alg_version`: algorithm version (unsigned integer)
+///   - `salt`: salt
+///   - `hash`: output of the hash function
+///
+/// `params` can also include any additional parameters.
+pub fn serialize(params: anytype, str: []u8) Error![]const u8 {
+    var buf = io.fixedBufferStream(str);
+    try serializeTo(params, buf.writer());
+    return buf.getWritten();
+}
+
+/// Compute the number of bytes required to serialize `params`
+pub fn calcSize(params: anytype) usize {
+    var buf = io.countingWriter(io.null_writer);
+    serializeTo(params, buf.writer()) catch unreachable;
+    return @intCast(usize, buf.bytes_written);
+}
+
+fn serializeTo(params: anytype, out: anytype) !void {
+    const HashResult = @TypeOf(params);
+    try out.writeAll(fields_delimiter);
+    try out.writeAll(params.alg_id);
+
+    if (@hasField(HashResult, "alg_version")) {
+        if (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(params.alg_version)) == .Optional) {
+            if (params.alg_version) |alg_version| {
+                try out.print(
+                    "{s}{s}{s}{}",
+                    .{ fields_delimiter, version_param_name, kv_delimiter, alg_version },
+                );
+            }
+        } else {
+            try out.print(
+                "{s}{s}{s}{}",
+                .{ fields_delimiter, version_param_name, kv_delimiter, params.alg_version },
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    var has_params = false;
+    inline for (comptime meta.fields(HashResult)) |p| {
+        if (!(mem.eql(u8, p.name, "alg_id") or
+            mem.eql(u8, p.name, "alg_version") or
+            mem.eql(u8, p.name, "hash") or
+            mem.eql(u8, p.name, "salt")))
+        {
+            const value = @field(params, p.name);
+            try out.writeAll(if (has_params) params_delimiter else fields_delimiter);
+            if (@typeInfo(p.field_type) == .Struct) {
+                var buf: [@TypeOf(value).max_encoded_length]u8 = undefined;
+                try out.print("{s}{s}{s}", .{ p.name, kv_delimiter, try value.toB64(&buf) });
+            } else {
+                try out.print(
+                    if (@typeInfo(@TypeOf(value)) == .Pointer) "{s}{s}{s}" else "{s}{s}{}",
+                    .{ p.name, kv_delimiter, value },
+                );
+            }
+            has_params = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    var has_salt = false;
+    if (@hasField(HashResult, "salt")) {
+        var buf: [@TypeOf(params.salt).max_encoded_length]u8 = undefined;
+        try out.print("{s}{s}", .{ fields_delimiter, try params.salt.toB64(&buf) });
+        has_salt = true;
+    }
+
+    if (@hasField(HashResult, "hash")) {
+        var buf: [@TypeOf(params.hash).max_encoded_length]u8 = undefined;
+        if (!has_salt) try out.writeAll(fields_delimiter);
+        try out.print("{s}{s}", .{ fields_delimiter, try params.hash.toB64(&buf) });
+    }
+}
+
+// Split a `key=value` string into `key` and `value`
+fn kvSplit(str: []const u8) !struct { key: []const u8, value: []const u8 } {
+    var it = mem.split(u8, str, kv_delimiter);
+    const key = it.next() orelse return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+    const value = it.next() orelse return Error.InvalidEncoding;
+    const ret = .{ .key = key, .value = value };
+    return ret;
+}
+
+test "phc format - encoding/decoding" {
+    const Input = struct {
+        str: []const u8,
+        HashResult: type,
+    };
+    const inputs = [_]Input{
+        .{
+            .str = "$argon2id$v=19$key=a2V5,m=4096,t=0,p=1$X1NhbHQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA$bWh++MKN1OiFHKgIWTLvIi1iHicmHH7+Fv3K88ifFfI",
+            .HashResult = struct {
+                alg_id: []const u8,
+                alg_version: u16,
+                key: BinValue(16),
+                m: usize,
+                t: u64,
+                p: u32,
+                salt: BinValue(16),
+                hash: BinValue(32),
+            },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$v=1$ln=15,r=8,p=1$c2FsdHNhbHQ$dGVzdHBhc3M",
+            .HashResult = struct {
+                alg_id: []const u8,
+                alg_version: ?u30,
+                ln: u6,
+                r: u30,
+                p: u30,
+                salt: BinValue(16),
+                hash: BinValue(16),
+            },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt",
+            .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8 },
+        },
+        .{ .str = "$scrypt$v=1", .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8, alg_version: u16 } },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$ln=15,r=8,p=1",
+            .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8, alg_version: ?u30, ln: u6, r: u30, p: u30 },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$c2FsdHNhbHQ",
+            .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8, salt: BinValue(16) },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$v=1$ln=15,r=8,p=1$c2FsdHNhbHQ",
+            .HashResult = struct {
+                alg_id: []const u8,
+                alg_version: u16,
+                ln: u6,
+                r: u30,
+                p: u30,
+                salt: BinValue(16),
+            },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$v=1$ln=15,r=8,p=1",
+            .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8, alg_version: ?u30, ln: u6, r: u30, p: u30 },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$v=1$c2FsdHNhbHQ$dGVzdHBhc3M",
+            .HashResult = struct {
+                alg_id: []const u8,
+                alg_version: u16,
+                salt: BinValue(16),
+                hash: BinValue(16),
+            },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$v=1$c2FsdHNhbHQ",
+            .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8, alg_version: u16, salt: BinValue(16) },
+        },
+        .{
+            .str = "$scrypt$c2FsdHNhbHQ$dGVzdHBhc3M",
+            .HashResult = struct { alg_id: []const u8, salt: BinValue(16), hash: BinValue(16) },
+        },
+    };
+    inline for (inputs) |input| {
+        const v = try deserialize(input.HashResult, input.str);
+        var buf: [input.str.len]u8 = undefined;
+        const s1 = try serialize(v, &buf);
+        try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, input.str, s1);
+    }
+}
+
+test "phc format - empty input string" {
+    const s = "";
+    const v = deserialize(struct { alg_id: []const u8 }, s);
+    try std.testing.expectError(Error.InvalidEncoding, v);
+}
+
+test "phc format - hash without salt" {
+    const s = "$scrypt";
+    const v = deserialize(struct { alg_id: []const u8, hash: BinValue(16) }, s);
+    try std.testing.expectError(Error.InvalidEncoding, v);
+}
+
+test "phc format - calcSize" {
+    const s = "$scrypt$v=1$ln=15,r=8,p=1$c2FsdHNhbHQ$dGVzdHBhc3M";
+    const v = try deserialize(struct {
+        alg_id: []const u8,
+        alg_version: u16,
+        ln: u6,
+        r: u30,
+        p: u30,
+        salt: BinValue(8),
+        hash: BinValue(8),
+    }, s);
+    try std.testing.expectEqual(calcSize(v), s.len);
+}
lib/std/crypto/scrypt.zig
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2015-2021 Zig Contributors
+// This file is part of [zig](https://ziglang.org/), which is MIT licensed.
+// The MIT license requires this copyright notice to be included in all copies
+// and substantial portions of the software.
+
+// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7914
+// https://github.com/golang/crypto/blob/master/scrypt/scrypt.go
+
+const std = @import("std");
+const crypto = std.crypto;
+const fmt = std.fmt;
+const io = std.io;
+const math = std.math;
+const mem = std.mem;
+const meta = std.meta;
+const pwhash = crypto.pwhash;
+
+const phc_format = @import("phc_encoding.zig");
+
+const HmacSha256 = crypto.auth.hmac.sha2.HmacSha256;
+const KdfError = pwhash.KdfError;
+const HasherError = pwhash.HasherError;
+const EncodingError = phc_format.Error;
+const Error = pwhash.Error;
+
+const max_size = math.maxInt(usize);
+const max_int = max_size >> 1;
+const default_salt_len = 32;
+const default_hash_len = 32;
+const max_salt_len = 64;
+const max_hash_len = 64;
+
+fn blockCopy(dst: []align(16) u32, src: []align(16) const u32, n: usize) void {
+    mem.copy(u32, dst, src[0 .. n * 16]);
+}
+
+fn blockXor(dst: []align(16) u32, src: []align(16) const u32, n: usize) void {
+    for (src[0 .. n * 16]) |v, i| {
+        dst[i] ^= v;
+    }
+}
+
+const QuarterRound = struct { a: usize, b: usize, c: usize, d: u6 };
+
+fn Rp(a: usize, b: usize, c: usize, d: u6) QuarterRound {
+    return QuarterRound{ .a = a, .b = b, .c = c, .d = d };
+}
+
+fn salsa8core(b: *align(16) [16]u32) void {
+    const arx_steps = comptime [_]QuarterRound{
+        Rp(4, 0, 12, 7),   Rp(8, 4, 0, 9),    Rp(12, 8, 4, 13),   Rp(0, 12, 8, 18),
+        Rp(9, 5, 1, 7),    Rp(13, 9, 5, 9),   Rp(1, 13, 9, 13),   Rp(5, 1, 13, 18),
+        Rp(14, 10, 6, 7),  Rp(2, 14, 10, 9),  Rp(6, 2, 14, 13),   Rp(10, 6, 2, 18),
+        Rp(3, 15, 11, 7),  Rp(7, 3, 15, 9),   Rp(11, 7, 3, 13),   Rp(15, 11, 7, 18),
+        Rp(1, 0, 3, 7),    Rp(2, 1, 0, 9),    Rp(3, 2, 1, 13),    Rp(0, 3, 2, 18),
+        Rp(6, 5, 4, 7),    Rp(7, 6, 5, 9),    Rp(4, 7, 6, 13),    Rp(5, 4, 7, 18),
+        Rp(11, 10, 9, 7),  Rp(8, 11, 10, 9),  Rp(9, 8, 11, 13),   Rp(10, 9, 8, 18),
+        Rp(12, 15, 14, 7), Rp(13, 12, 15, 9), Rp(14, 13, 12, 13), Rp(15, 14, 13, 18),
+    };
+    var x = b.*;
+    var j: usize = 0;
+    while (j < 8) : (j += 2) {
+        inline for (arx_steps) |r| {
+            x[r.a] ^= math.rotl(u32, x[r.b] +% x[r.c], r.d);
+        }
+    }
+    j = 0;
+    while (j < 16) : (j += 1) {
+        b[j] +%= x[j];
+    }
+}
+
+fn salsaXor(tmp: *align(16) [16]u32, in: []align(16) const u32, out: []align(16) u32) void {
+    blockXor(tmp, in, 1);
+    salsa8core(tmp);
+    blockCopy(out, tmp, 1);
+}
+
+fn blockMix(tmp: *align(16) [16]u32, in: []align(16) const u32, out: []align(16) u32, r: u30) void {
+    blockCopy(tmp, in[(2 * r - 1) * 16 ..], 1);
+    var i: usize = 0;
+    while (i < 2 * r) : (i += 2) {
+        salsaXor(tmp, in[i * 16 ..], out[i * 8 ..]);
+        salsaXor(tmp, in[i * 16 + 16 ..], out[i * 8 + r * 16 ..]);
+    }
+}
+
+fn integerify(b: []align(16) const u32, r: u30) u64 {
+    const j = (2 * r - 1) * 16;
+    return @as(u64, b[j]) | @as(u64, b[j + 1]) << 32;
+}
+
+fn smix(b: []align(16) u8, r: u30, n: usize, v: []align(16) u32, xy: []align(16) u32) void {
+    var x = xy[0 .. 32 * r];
+    var y = xy[32 * r ..];
+
+    for (x) |*v1, j| {
+        v1.* = mem.readIntSliceLittle(u32, b[4 * j ..]);
+    }
+
+    var tmp: [16]u32 align(16) = undefined;
+    var i: usize = 0;
+    while (i < n) : (i += 2) {
+        blockCopy(v[i * (32 * r) ..], x, 2 * r);
+        blockMix(&tmp, x, y, r);
+
+        blockCopy(v[(i + 1) * (32 * r) ..], y, 2 * r);
+        blockMix(&tmp, y, x, r);
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    while (i < n) : (i += 2) {
+        var j = @intCast(usize, integerify(x, r) & (n - 1));
+        blockXor(x, v[j * (32 * r) ..], 2 * r);
+        blockMix(&tmp, x, y, r);
+
+        j = @intCast(usize, integerify(y, r) & (n - 1));
+        blockXor(y, v[j * (32 * r) ..], 2 * r);
+        blockMix(&tmp, y, x, r);
+    }
+
+    for (x) |v1, j| {
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, b[4 * j ..][0..4], v1);
+    }
+}
+
+pub const Params = struct {
+    const Self = @This();
+
+    ln: u6,
+    r: u30,
+    p: u30,
+
+    /// Baseline parameters for interactive logins
+    pub const interactive = Self.fromLimits(524288, 16777216);
+
+    /// Baseline parameters for offline usage
+    pub const sensitive = Self.fromLimits(33554432, 1073741824);
+
+    /// Create parameters from ops and mem limits
+    pub fn fromLimits(ops_limit: u64, mem_limit: usize) Self {
+        const ops = math.max(32768, ops_limit);
+        const r: u30 = 8;
+        if (ops < mem_limit / 32) {
+            const max_n = ops / (r * 4);
+            return Self{ .r = r, .p = 1, .ln = @intCast(u6, math.log2(max_n)) };
+        } else {
+            const max_n = mem_limit / (@intCast(usize, r) * 128);
+            const ln = @intCast(u6, math.log2(max_n));
+            const max_rp = math.min(0x3fffffff, (ops / 4) / (@as(u64, 1) << ln));
+            return Self{ .r = r, .p = @intCast(u30, max_rp / @as(u64, r)), .ln = ln };
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+/// Apply scrypt to generate a key from a password.
+///
+/// scrypt is defined in RFC 7914.
+///
+/// allocator: *mem.Allocator.
+///
+/// derived_key: Slice of appropriate size for generated key. Generally 16 or 32 bytes in length.
+///              May be uninitialized. All bytes will be overwritten.
+///              Maximum size is `derived_key.len / 32 == 0xffff_ffff`.
+///
+/// password: Arbitrary sequence of bytes of any length.
+///
+/// salt: Arbitrary sequence of bytes of any length.
+///
+/// params: Params.
+pub fn kdf(
+    allocator: *mem.Allocator,
+    derived_key: []u8,
+    password: []const u8,
+    salt: []const u8,
+    params: Params,
+) KdfError!void {
+    if (derived_key.len == 0 or derived_key.len / 32 > 0xffff_ffff) return KdfError.OutputTooLong;
+    if (params.ln == 0 or params.r == 0 or params.p == 0) return KdfError.WeakParameters;
+
+    const n64 = @as(u64, 1) << params.ln;
+    if (n64 > max_size) return KdfError.WeakParameters;
+    const n = @intCast(usize, n64);
+    if (@as(u64, params.r) * @as(u64, params.p) >= 1 << 30 or
+        params.r > max_int / 128 / @as(u64, params.p) or
+        params.r > max_int / 256 or
+        n > max_int / 128 / @as(u64, params.r)) return KdfError.WeakParameters;
+
+    var xy = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u32, 16, 64 * params.r);
+    defer allocator.free(xy);
+    var v = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u32, 16, 32 * n * params.r);
+    defer allocator.free(v);
+    var dk = try allocator.alignedAlloc(u8, 16, params.p * 128 * params.r);
+    defer allocator.free(dk);
+
+    try pwhash.pbkdf2(dk, password, salt, 1, HmacSha256);
+    var i: u32 = 0;
+    while (i < params.p) : (i += 1) {
+        smix(dk[i * 128 * params.r ..], params.r, n, v, xy);
+    }
+    try pwhash.pbkdf2(derived_key, password, dk, 1, HmacSha256);
+}
+
+const crypt_format = struct {
+    /// String prefix for scrypt
+    pub const prefix = "$7$";
+
+    /// Standard type for a set of scrypt parameters, with the salt and hash.
+    pub fn HashResult(comptime crypt_max_hash_len: usize) type {
+        return struct {
+            ln: u6,
+            r: u30,
+            p: u30,
+            salt: []const u8,
+            hash: BinValue(crypt_max_hash_len),
+        };
+    }
+
+    const Codec = CustomB64Codec("./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".*);
+
+    /// A wrapped binary value whose maximum size is `max_len`.
+    ///
+    /// This type must be used whenever a binary value is encoded in a PHC-formatted string.
+    /// This includes `salt`, `hash`, and any other binary parameters such as keys.
+    ///
+    /// Once initialized, the actual value can be read with the `constSlice()` function.
+    pub fn BinValue(comptime max_len: usize) type {
+        return struct {
+            const Self = @This();
+            const capacity = max_len;
+            const max_encoded_length = Codec.encodedLen(max_len);
+
+            buf: [max_len]u8 = undefined,
+            len: usize = 0,
+
+            /// Wrap an existing byte slice
+            pub fn fromSlice(slice: []const u8) EncodingError!Self {
+                if (slice.len > capacity) return EncodingError.NoSpaceLeft;
+                var bin_value: Self = undefined;
+                mem.copy(u8, &bin_value.buf, slice);
+                bin_value.len = slice.len;
+                return bin_value;
+            }
+
+            /// Return the slice containing the actual value.
+            pub fn constSlice(self: Self) []const u8 {
+                return self.buf[0..self.len];
+            }
+
+            fn fromB64(self: *Self, str: []const u8) !void {
+                const len = Codec.decodedLen(str.len);
+                if (len > self.buf.len) return EncodingError.NoSpaceLeft;
+                try Codec.decode(self.buf[0..len], str);
+                self.len = len;
+            }
+
+            fn toB64(self: Self, buf: []u8) ![]const u8 {
+                const value = self.constSlice();
+                const len = Codec.encodedLen(value.len);
+                if (len > buf.len) return EncodingError.NoSpaceLeft;
+                var encoded = buf[0..len];
+                Codec.encode(encoded, value);
+                return encoded;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// Expand binary data into a salt for the modular crypt format.
+    pub fn saltFromBin(comptime len: usize, salt: [len]u8) [Codec.encodedLen(len)]u8 {
+        var buf: [Codec.encodedLen(len)]u8 = undefined;
+        Codec.encode(&buf, &salt);
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    /// Deserialize a string into a structure `T` (matching `HashResult`).
+    pub fn deserialize(comptime T: type, str: []const u8) EncodingError!T {
+        var out: T = undefined;
+
+        if (str.len < 16) return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding;
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, prefix, str[0..3])) return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding;
+        out.ln = try Codec.intDecode(u6, str[3..4]);
+        out.r = try Codec.intDecode(u30, str[4..9]);
+        out.p = try Codec.intDecode(u30, str[9..14]);
+
+        var it = mem.split(u8, str[14..], "$");
+
+        const salt = it.next() orelse return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding;
+        if (@hasField(T, "salt")) out.salt = salt;
+
+        const hash_str = it.next() orelse return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding;
+        if (@hasField(T, "hash")) try out.hash.fromB64(hash_str);
+
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    /// Serialize parameters into a string in modular crypt format.
+    pub fn serialize(params: anytype, str: []u8) EncodingError![]const u8 {
+        var buf = io.fixedBufferStream(str);
+        try serializeTo(params, buf.writer());
+        return buf.getWritten();
+    }
+
+    /// Compute the number of bytes required to serialize `params`
+    pub fn calcSize(params: anytype) usize {
+        var buf = io.countingWriter(io.null_writer);
+        serializeTo(params, buf.writer()) catch unreachable;
+        return @intCast(usize, buf.bytes_written);
+    }
+
+    fn serializeTo(params: anytype, out: anytype) !void {
+        var header: [14]u8 = undefined;
+        mem.copy(u8, header[0..3], prefix);
+        Codec.intEncode(header[3..4], params.ln);
+        Codec.intEncode(header[4..9], params.r);
+        Codec.intEncode(header[9..14], params.p);
+        try out.writeAll(&header);
+        try out.writeAll(params.salt);
+        try out.writeAll("$");
+        var buf: [@TypeOf(params.hash).max_encoded_length]u8 = undefined;
+        const hash_str = try params.hash.toB64(&buf);
+        try out.writeAll(hash_str);
+    }
+
+    /// Custom codec that maps 6 bits into 8 like regular Base64, but uses its own alphabet, 
+    /// encodes bits in little-endian, and can also encode integers.
+    fn CustomB64Codec(comptime map: [64]u8) type {
+        return struct {
+            const map64 = map;
+
+            fn encodedLen(len: usize) usize {
+                return (len * 4 + 2) / 3;
+            }
+
+            fn decodedLen(len: usize) usize {
+                return len / 4 * 3 + (len % 4) * 3 / 4;
+            }
+
+            fn intEncode(dst: []u8, src: anytype) void {
+                var n = src;
+                for (dst) |*x| {
+                    x.* = map64[@truncate(u6, n)];
+                    n = math.shr(@TypeOf(src), n, 6);
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn intDecode(comptime T: type, src: *const [(meta.bitCount(T) + 5) / 6]u8) !T {
+                var v: T = 0;
+                for (src) |x, i| {
+                    const vi = mem.indexOfScalar(u8, &map64, x) orelse return EncodingError.InvalidEncoding;
+                    v |= @intCast(T, vi) << @intCast(math.Log2Int(T), i * 6);
+                }
+                return v;
+            }
+
+            fn decode(dst: []u8, src: []const u8) !void {
+                std.debug.assert(dst.len == decodedLen(src.len));
+                var i: usize = 0;
+                while (i < src.len / 4) : (i += 1) {
+                    mem.writeIntSliceLittle(u24, dst[i * 3 ..], try intDecode(u24, src[i * 4 ..][0..4]));
+                }
+                const leftover = src[i * 4 ..];
+                var v: u24 = 0;
+                for (leftover) |_, j| {
+                    v |= @as(u24, try intDecode(u6, leftover[j..][0..1])) << @intCast(u5, j * 6);
+                }
+                for (dst[i * 3 ..]) |*x, j| {
+                    x.* = @truncate(u8, v >> @intCast(u5, j * 8));
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn encode(dst: []u8, src: []const u8) void {
+                std.debug.assert(dst.len == encodedLen(src.len));
+                var i: usize = 0;
+                while (i < src.len / 3) : (i += 1) {
+                    intEncode(dst[i * 4 ..][0..4], mem.readIntSliceLittle(u24, src[i * 3 ..]));
+                }
+                const leftover = src[i * 3 ..];
+                var v: u24 = 0;
+                for (leftover) |x, j| {
+                    v |= @as(u24, x) << @intCast(u5, j * 8);
+                }
+                intEncode(dst[i * 4 ..], v);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+/// Hash and verify passwords using the PHC format.
+const PhcFormatHasher = struct {
+    const alg_id = "scrypt";
+    const BinValue = phc_format.BinValue;
+
+    const HashResult = struct {
+        alg_id: []const u8,
+        ln: u6,
+        r: u30,
+        p: u30,
+        salt: BinValue(max_salt_len),
+        hash: BinValue(max_hash_len),
+    };
+
+    /// Return a non-deterministic hash of the password encoded as a PHC-format string
+    pub fn create(
+        allocator: *mem.Allocator,
+        password: []const u8,
+        params: Params,
+        buf: []u8,
+    ) HasherError![]const u8 {
+        var salt: [default_salt_len]u8 = undefined;
+        crypto.random.bytes(&salt);
+
+        var hash: [default_hash_len]u8 = undefined;
+        try kdf(allocator, &hash, password, &salt, params);
+
+        return phc_format.serialize(HashResult{
+            .alg_id = alg_id,
+            .ln = params.ln,
+            .r = params.r,
+            .p = params.p,
+            .salt = try BinValue(max_salt_len).fromSlice(&salt),
+            .hash = try BinValue(max_hash_len).fromSlice(&hash),
+        }, buf);
+    }
+
+    /// Verify a password against a PHC-format encoded string
+    pub fn verify(
+        allocator: *mem.Allocator,
+        str: []const u8,
+        password: []const u8,
+    ) HasherError!void {
+        const hash_result = try phc_format.deserialize(HashResult, str);
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, hash_result.alg_id, alg_id)) return HasherError.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+        const params = Params{ .ln = hash_result.ln, .r = hash_result.r, .p = hash_result.p };
+        const expected_hash = hash_result.hash.constSlice();
+        var hash_buf: [max_hash_len]u8 = undefined;
+        if (expected_hash.len > hash_buf.len) return HasherError.InvalidEncoding;
+        var hash = hash_buf[0..expected_hash.len];
+        try kdf(allocator, hash, password, hash_result.salt.constSlice(), params);
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, hash, expected_hash)) return HasherError.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Hash and verify passwords using the modular crypt format.
+const CryptFormatHasher = struct {
+    const BinValue = crypt_format.BinValue;
+    const HashResult = crypt_format.HashResult(max_hash_len);
+
+    /// Length of a string returned by the create() function
+    pub const pwhash_str_length: usize = 101;
+
+    /// Return a non-deterministic hash of the password encoded into the modular crypt format
+    pub fn create(
+        allocator: *mem.Allocator,
+        password: []const u8,
+        params: Params,
+        buf: []u8,
+    ) HasherError![]const u8 {
+        var salt_bin: [default_salt_len]u8 = undefined;
+        crypto.random.bytes(&salt_bin);
+        const salt = crypt_format.saltFromBin(salt_bin.len, salt_bin);
+
+        var hash: [default_hash_len]u8 = undefined;
+        try kdf(allocator, &hash, password, &salt, params);
+
+        return crypt_format.serialize(HashResult{
+            .ln = params.ln,
+            .r = params.r,
+            .p = params.p,
+            .salt = &salt,
+            .hash = try BinValue(max_hash_len).fromSlice(&hash),
+        }, buf);
+    }
+
+    /// Verify a password against a string in modular crypt format
+    pub fn verify(
+        allocator: *mem.Allocator,
+        str: []const u8,
+        password: []const u8,
+    ) HasherError!void {
+        const hash_result = try crypt_format.deserialize(HashResult, str);
+        const params = Params{ .ln = hash_result.ln, .r = hash_result.r, .p = hash_result.p };
+        const expected_hash = hash_result.hash.constSlice();
+        var hash_buf: [max_hash_len]u8 = undefined;
+        if (expected_hash.len > hash_buf.len) return HasherError.InvalidEncoding;
+        var hash = hash_buf[0..expected_hash.len];
+        try kdf(allocator, hash, password, hash_result.salt, params);
+        if (!mem.eql(u8, hash, expected_hash)) return HasherError.PasswordVerificationFailed;
+    }
+};
+
+/// Options for hashing a password.
+pub const HashOptions = struct {
+    allocator: ?*mem.Allocator,
+    params: Params,
+    encoding: pwhash.Encoding,
+};
+
+/// Compute a hash of a password using the scrypt key derivation function.
+/// The function returns a string that includes all the parameters required for verification.
+pub fn strHash(
+    password: []const u8,
+    options: HashOptions,
+    out: []u8,
+) Error![]const u8 {
+    const allocator = options.allocator orelse return Error.AllocatorRequired;
+    switch (options.encoding) {
+        .phc => return PhcFormatHasher.create(allocator, password, options.params, out),
+        .crypt => return CryptFormatHasher.create(allocator, password, options.params, out),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Options for hash verification.
+pub const VerifyOptions = struct {
+    allocator: ?*mem.Allocator,
+};
+
+/// Verify that a previously computed hash is valid for a given password.
+pub fn strVerify(
+    str: []const u8,
+    password: []const u8,
+    options: VerifyOptions,
+) Error!void {
+    const allocator = options.allocator orelse return Error.AllocatorRequired;
+    if (mem.startsWith(u8, str, crypt_format.prefix)) {
+        return CryptFormatHasher.verify(allocator, str, password);
+    } else {
+        return PhcFormatHasher.verify(allocator, str, password);
+    }
+}
+
+test "scrypt kdf" {
+    const password = "testpass";
+    const salt = "saltsalt";
+
+    var dk: [32]u8 = undefined;
+    try kdf(std.testing.allocator, &dk, password, salt, .{ .ln = 15, .r = 8, .p = 1 });
+
+    const hex = "1e0f97c3f6609024022fbe698da29c2fe53ef1087a8e396dc6d5d2a041e886de";
+    var bytes: [hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
+    _ = try fmt.hexToBytes(&bytes, hex);
+
+    try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &bytes, &dk);
+}
+
+test "scrypt kdf rfc 1" {
+    const password = "";
+    const salt = "";
+
+    var dk: [64]u8 = undefined;
+    try kdf(std.testing.allocator, &dk, password, salt, .{ .ln = 4, .r = 1, .p = 1 });
+
+    const hex = "77d6576238657b203b19ca42c18a0497f16b4844e3074ae8dfdffa3fede21442fcd0069ded0948f8326a753a0fc81f17e8d3e0fb2e0d3628cf35e20c38d18906";
+    var bytes: [hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
+    _ = try fmt.hexToBytes(&bytes, hex);
+
+    try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &bytes, &dk);
+}
+
+test "scrypt kdf rfc 2" {
+    const password = "password";
+    const salt = "NaCl";
+
+    var dk: [64]u8 = undefined;
+    try kdf(std.testing.allocator, &dk, password, salt, .{ .ln = 10, .r = 8, .p = 16 });
+
+    const hex = "fdbabe1c9d3472007856e7190d01e9fe7c6ad7cbc8237830e77376634b3731622eaf30d92e22a3886ff109279d9830dac727afb94a83ee6d8360cbdfa2cc0640";
+    var bytes: [hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
+    _ = try fmt.hexToBytes(&bytes, hex);
+
+    try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &bytes, &dk);
+}
+
+test "scrypt kdf rfc 3" {
+    const password = "pleaseletmein";
+    const salt = "SodiumChloride";
+
+    var dk: [64]u8 = undefined;
+    try kdf(std.testing.allocator, &dk, password, salt, .{ .ln = 14, .r = 8, .p = 1 });
+
+    const hex = "7023bdcb3afd7348461c06cd81fd38ebfda8fbba904f8e3ea9b543f6545da1f2d5432955613f0fcf62d49705242a9af9e61e85dc0d651e40dfcf017b45575887";
+    var bytes: [hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
+    _ = try fmt.hexToBytes(&bytes, hex);
+
+    try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &bytes, &dk);
+}
+
+test "scrypt kdf rfc 4" {
+    // skip slow test
+    if (true) {
+        return error.SkipZigTest;
+    }
+
+    const password = "pleaseletmein";
+    const salt = "SodiumChloride";
+
+    var dk: [64]u8 = undefined;
+    try kdf(std.testing.allocator, &dk, password, salt, .{ .ln = 20, .r = 8, .p = 1 });
+
+    const hex = "2101cb9b6a511aaeaddbbe09cf70f881ec568d574a2ffd4dabe5ee9820adaa478e56fd8f4ba5d09ffa1c6d927c40f4c337304049e8a952fbcbf45c6fa77a41a4";
+    var bytes: [hex.len / 2]u8 = undefined;
+    _ = try fmt.hexToBytes(&bytes, hex);
+
+    try std.testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, &bytes, &dk);
+}
+
+test "scrypt password hashing (crypt format)" {
+    const str = "$7$A6....1....TrXs5Zk6s8sWHpQgWDIXTR8kUU3s6Jc3s.DtdS8M2i4$a4ik5hGDN7foMuHOW.cp.CtX01UyCeO0.JAG.AHPpx5";
+    const password = "Y0!?iQa9M%5ekffW(`";
+    try CryptFormatHasher.verify(std.testing.allocator, str, password);
+
+    const params = Params.interactive;
+    var buf: [CryptFormatHasher.pwhash_str_length]u8 = undefined;
+    const str2 = try CryptFormatHasher.create(std.testing.allocator, password, params, &buf);
+    try CryptFormatHasher.verify(std.testing.allocator, str2, password);
+}
+
+test "scrypt strHash and strVerify" {
+    const alloc = std.testing.allocator;
+
+    const password = "testpass";
+    const verify_options = VerifyOptions{ .allocator = alloc };
+    var buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
+
+    const s = try strHash(
+        password,
+        HashOptions{ .allocator = alloc, .params = Params.interactive, .encoding = .crypt },
+        &buf,
+    );
+    try strVerify(s, password, verify_options);
+
+    const s1 = try strHash(
+        password,
+        HashOptions{ .allocator = alloc, .params = Params.interactive, .encoding = .phc },
+        &buf,
+    );
+    try strVerify(s1, password, verify_options);
+}
+
+test "scrypt unix-scrypt" {
+    const alloc = std.testing.allocator;
+
+    // https://gitlab.com/jas/scrypt-unix-crypt/blob/master/unix-scrypt.txt
+    {
+        const str = "$7$C6..../....SodiumChloride$kBGj9fHznVYFQMEn/qDCfrDevf9YDtcDdKvEqHJLV8D";
+        const password = "pleaseletmein";
+        try strVerify(str, password, .{ .allocator = alloc });
+    }
+    // one of the libsodium test vectors
+    {
+        const str = "$7$B6....1....75gBMAGwfFWZqBdyF3WdTQnWdUsuTiWjG1fF9c1jiSD$tc8RoB3.Em3/zNgMLWo2u00oGIoTyJv4fl3Fl8Tix72";
+        const password = "^T5H$JYt39n%K*j:W]!1s?vg!:jGi]Ax?..l7[p0v:1jHTpla9;]bUN;?bWyCbtqg nrDFal+Jxl3,2`#^tFSu%v_+7iYse8-cCkNf!tD=KrW)";
+        try strVerify(str, password, .{ .allocator = alloc });
+    }
+}
+
+test "scrypt crypt format" {
+    const str = "$7$C6..../....SodiumChloride$kBGj9fHznVYFQMEn/qDCfrDevf9YDtcDdKvEqHJLV8D";
+    const params = try crypt_format.deserialize(crypt_format.HashResult(32), str);
+    var buf: [str.len]u8 = undefined;
+    const s1 = try crypt_format.serialize(params, &buf);
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings(s1, str);
+}
lib/std/crypto.zig
@@ -110,7 +110,16 @@ pub const onetimeauth = struct {
 ///
 /// Password hashing functions must be used whenever sensitive data has to be directly derived from a password.
 pub const pwhash = struct {
+    pub const Encoding = enum {
+        phc,
+        crypt,
+    };
+    pub const KdfError = errors.Error || std.mem.Allocator.Error;
+    pub const HasherError = KdfError || @import("crypto/phc_encoding.zig").Error;
+    pub const Error = HasherError || error{AllocatorRequired};
+
     pub const bcrypt = @import("crypto/bcrypt.zig");
+    pub const scrypt = @import("crypto/scrypt.zig");
     pub const pbkdf2 = @import("crypto/pbkdf2.zig").pbkdf2;
 };