master
1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
3//
4// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7//
8//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9#ifndef _LIBCPP___EXPECTED_EXPECTED_H
10#define _LIBCPP___EXPECTED_EXPECTED_H
11
12#include <__assert>
13#include <__config>
14#include <__expected/bad_expected_access.h>
15#include <__expected/unexpect.h>
16#include <__expected/unexpected.h>
17#include <__functional/invoke.h>
18#include <__memory/addressof.h>
19#include <__memory/construct_at.h>
20#include <__type_traits/conditional.h>
21#include <__type_traits/conjunction.h>
22#include <__type_traits/disjunction.h>
23#include <__type_traits/integral_constant.h>
24#include <__type_traits/invoke.h>
25#include <__type_traits/is_assignable.h>
26#include <__type_traits/is_constructible.h>
27#include <__type_traits/is_convertible.h>
28#include <__type_traits/is_core_convertible.h>
29#include <__type_traits/is_function.h>
30#include <__type_traits/is_nothrow_assignable.h>
31#include <__type_traits/is_nothrow_constructible.h>
32#include <__type_traits/is_reference.h>
33#include <__type_traits/is_replaceable.h>
34#include <__type_traits/is_same.h>
35#include <__type_traits/is_swappable.h>
36#include <__type_traits/is_trivially_constructible.h>
37#include <__type_traits/is_trivially_destructible.h>
38#include <__type_traits/is_trivially_relocatable.h>
39#include <__type_traits/is_void.h>
40#include <__type_traits/lazy.h>
41#include <__type_traits/negation.h>
42#include <__type_traits/remove_cv.h>
43#include <__type_traits/remove_cvref.h>
44#include <__utility/as_const.h>
45#include <__utility/exception_guard.h>
46#include <__utility/forward.h>
47#include <__utility/in_place.h>
48#include <__utility/move.h>
49#include <__utility/swap.h>
50#include <__verbose_abort>
51#include <initializer_list>
52
53#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
54# pragma GCC system_header
55#endif
56
57_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
58#include <__undef_macros>
59
60#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
61
62_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
63
64template <class _Tp, class _Err>
65class expected;
66
67template <class _Tp>
68struct __is_std_expected : false_type {};
69
70template <class _Tp, class _Err>
71struct __is_std_expected<expected<_Tp, _Err>> : true_type {};
72
73struct __expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag {};
74struct __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag {};
75
76template <class _Err, class _Arg>
77_LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __throw_bad_expected_access(_Arg&& __arg) {
78# if _LIBCPP_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
79 throw bad_expected_access<_Err>(std::forward<_Arg>(__arg));
80# else
81 (void)__arg;
82 _LIBCPP_VERBOSE_ABORT("bad_expected_access was thrown in -fno-exceptions mode");
83# endif
84}
85
86// If parameter type `_Tp` of `__conditional_no_unique_address` is neither
87// copyable nor movable, a constructor with this tag is provided. For that
88// constructor, the user has to provide a function and arguments. The function
89// must return an object of type `_Tp`. When the function is invoked by the
90// constructor, guaranteed copy elision kicks in and the `_Tp` is constructed
91// in place.
92struct __conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag {};
93
94// This class implements an object with `[[no_unique_address]]` conditionally applied to it,
95// based on the value of `_NoUnique`.
96//
97// A member of this class must always have `[[no_unique_address]]` applied to
98// it. Otherwise, the `[[no_unique_address]]` in the "`_NoUnique == true`" case
99// would not have any effect. In the `false` case, the `__v` is not
100// `[[no_unique_address]]`, so nullifies the effects of the "outer"
101// `[[no_unique_address]]` regarding data layout.
102//
103// If we had a language feature, this class would basically be replaced by `[[no_unique_address(condition)]]`.
104template <bool _NoUnique, class _Tp>
105struct __conditional_no_unique_address;
106
107template <class _Tp>
108struct __conditional_no_unique_address<true, _Tp> {
109 template <class... _Args>
110 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __conditional_no_unique_address(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
111 : __v(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
112
113 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
114 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __conditional_no_unique_address(
115 __conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
116 : __v(std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)) {}
117
118 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _Tp __v;
119};
120
121template <class _Tp>
122struct __conditional_no_unique_address<false, _Tp> {
123 template <class... _Args>
124 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __conditional_no_unique_address(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
125 : __v(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
126
127 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
128 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __conditional_no_unique_address(
129 __conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
130 : __v(std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)) {}
131
132 _Tp __v;
133};
134
135// This function returns whether the type `_Second` can be stuffed into the tail padding
136// of the `_First` type if both of them are given `[[no_unique_address]]`.
137template <class _First, class _Second>
138inline constexpr bool __fits_in_tail_padding = []() {
139 struct __x {
140 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _First __first;
141 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _Second __second;
142 };
143 return sizeof(__x) == sizeof(_First);
144}();
145
146// This class implements the storage used by `std::expected`. We have a few
147// goals for this storage:
148// 1. Whenever the underlying {_Tp | _Unex} combination has free bytes in its
149// tail padding, we should reuse it to store the bool discriminator of the
150// expected, so as to save space.
151// 2. Whenever the `expected<_Tp, _Unex>` as a whole has free bytes in its tail
152// padding, we should allow an object following the expected to be stored in
153// its tail padding.
154// 3. However, we never want a user object (say `X`) that would follow an
155// `expected<_Tp, _Unex>` to be stored in the padding bytes of the
156// underlying {_Tp | _Unex} union, if any. That is because we use
157// `construct_at` on that union, which would end up overwriting the `X`
158// member if it is stored in the tail padding of the union.
159//
160// To achieve this, `__expected_base`'s logic is implemented in an inner
161// `__repr` class. `__expected_base` holds one `__repr` member which is
162// conditionally `[[no_unique_address]]`. The `__repr` class holds the
163// underlying {_Tp | _Unex} union and a boolean "has value" flag.
164//
165// Which one of the `__repr_`/`__union_` members is `[[no_unique_address]]`
166// depends on whether the "has value" boolean fits into the tail padding of
167// the underlying {_Tp | _Unex} union:
168//
169// - In case the "has value" bool fits into the tail padding of the union, the
170// whole `__repr_` member is _not_ `[[no_unique_address]]` as it needs to be
171// transparently replaced on `emplace()`/`swap()` etc.
172// - In case the "has value" bool does not fit into the tail padding of the
173// union, only the union member must be transparently replaced (therefore is
174// _not_ `[[no_unique_address]]`) and the "has value" flag must be adjusted
175// manually.
176//
177// This way, the member that is transparently replaced on mutating operations
178// is never `[[no_unique_address]]`, satisfying the requirements from
179// "[basic.life]" in the standard.
180//
181// Stripped away of all superfluous elements, the layout of `__expected_base`
182// then looks like this:
183//
184// template <class Tp, class Err>
185// class expected_base {
186// union union_t {
187// [[no_unique_address]] Tp val;
188// [[no_unique_address]] Err unex;
189// };
190//
191// static constexpr bool put_flag_in_tail = fits_in_tail_padding<union_t, bool>;
192// static constexpr bool allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding = !put_flag_in_tail;
193//
194// struct repr {
195// private:
196// // If "has value" fits into the tail, this should be
197// // `[[no_unique_address]]`, otherwise not.
198// [[no_unique_address]] conditional_no_unique_address<
199// put_flag_in_tail,
200// union_t>::type union_;
201// [[no_unique_address]] bool has_val_;
202// };
203//
204// protected:
205// // If "has value" fits into the tail, this must _not_ be
206// // `[[no_unique_address]]` so that we fill out the
207// // complete `expected` object.
208// [[no_unique_address]] conditional_no_unique_address<
209// allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding,
210// repr>::type repr_;
211// };
212//
213template <class _Tp, class _Err>
214class __expected_base {
215 // use named union because [[no_unique_address]] cannot be applied to an unnamed union,
216 // also guaranteed elision into a potentially-overlapping subobject is unsettled (and
217 // it's not clear that it's implementable, given that the function is allowed to clobber
218 // the tail padding) - see https://github.com/itanium-cxx-abi/cxx-abi/issues/107.
219 union __union_t {
220 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(const __union_t&) = delete;
221 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(const __union_t&)
222 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> &&
223 is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
224 = default;
225 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(__union_t&&) = delete;
226 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(__union_t&&)
227 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err> &&
228 is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
229 = default;
230 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t& operator=(const __union_t&) = delete;
231 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t& operator=(__union_t&&) = delete;
232
233 template <class... _Args>
234 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
235 : __val_(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
236
237 template <class... _Args>
238 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args)
239 : __unex_(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
240
241 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
242 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(
243 std::__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
244 : __val_(std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)) {}
245
246 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
247 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(
248 std::__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
249 : __unex_(std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)) {}
250
251 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__union_t()
252 requires(is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
253 = default;
254
255 // __repr's destructor handles this
256 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__union_t() {}
257
258 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _Tp __val_;
259 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _Err __unex_;
260 };
261
262 static constexpr bool __put_flag_in_tail = __fits_in_tail_padding<__union_t, bool>;
263 static constexpr bool __allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding = !__put_flag_in_tail;
264
265 struct __repr {
266 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr() = delete;
267
268 template <class... _Args>
269 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(in_place_t __tag, _Args&&... __args)
270 : __union_(in_place, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...), __has_val_(true) {}
271
272 template <class... _Args>
273 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(unexpect_t __tag, _Args&&... __args)
274 : __union_(in_place, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...), __has_val_(false) {}
275
276 template <class... _Args>
277 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(std::__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag __tag,
278 _Args&&... __args)
279 : __union_(in_place, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...), __has_val_(true) {}
280
281 template <class... _Args>
282 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(std::__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag __tag,
283 _Args&&... __args)
284 : __union_(in_place, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...), __has_val_(false) {}
285
286 // The return value of `__make_union` must be constructed in place in the
287 // `__v` member of `__union_`, relying on guaranteed copy elision. To do
288 // this, the `__conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag` constructor is
289 // called with a lambda that is immediately called inside
290 // `__conditional_no_unique_address`'s constructor.
291 template <class _OtherUnion>
292 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
293 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
294 : __union_(__conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag{},
295 [&] { return __make_union(__has_val, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other)); }),
296 __has_val_(__has_val) {}
297
298 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(const __repr&) = delete;
299 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(const __repr&)
300 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> &&
301 is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
302 = default;
303 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(__repr&&) = delete;
304 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(__repr&&)
305 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err> &&
306 is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
307 = default;
308
309 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr& operator=(const __repr&) = delete;
310 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr& operator=(__repr&&) = delete;
311
312 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__repr()
313 requires(is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
314 = default;
315
316 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__repr()
317 requires(!is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp> || !is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
318 {
319 __destroy_union_member();
320 }
321
322 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy_union()
323 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding &&
324 (is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>))
325 {
326 // Note: Since the destructor of the union is trivial, this does nothing
327 // except to end the lifetime of the union.
328 std::destroy_at(&__union_.__v);
329 }
330
331 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy_union()
332 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding &&
333 (!is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp> || !is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>))
334 {
335 __destroy_union_member();
336 std::destroy_at(&__union_.__v);
337 }
338
339 template <class... _Args>
340 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __construct_union(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args)
341 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
342 {
343 std::construct_at(&__union_.__v, in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
344 __has_val_ = true;
345 }
346
347 template <class... _Args>
348 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __construct_union(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args)
349 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
350 {
351 std::construct_at(&__union_.__v, unexpect, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
352 __has_val_ = false;
353 }
354
355 private:
356 template <class, class>
357 friend class __expected_base;
358
359 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy_union_member()
360 requires(!is_trivially_destructible_v<_Tp> || !is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
361 {
362 if (__has_val_) {
363 std::destroy_at(std::addressof(__union_.__v.__val_));
364 } else {
365 std::destroy_at(std::addressof(__union_.__v.__unex_));
366 }
367 }
368
369 template <class _OtherUnion>
370 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static constexpr __union_t __make_union(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
371 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
372 {
373 if (__has_val)
374 return __union_t(in_place, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other).__val_);
375 else
376 return __union_t(unexpect, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other).__unex_);
377 }
378
379 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS __conditional_no_unique_address<__put_flag_in_tail, __union_t> __union_;
380 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS bool __has_val_;
381 };
382
383 template <class _OtherUnion>
384 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static constexpr __repr __make_repr(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
385 requires(__put_flag_in_tail)
386 {
387 if (__has_val)
388 return __repr(in_place, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other).__val_);
389 else
390 return __repr(unexpect, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other).__unex_);
391 }
392
393protected:
394 template <class... _Args>
395 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __expected_base(_Args&&... __args)
396 : __repr_(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
397
398 // In case we copy/move construct from another `expected` we need to create
399 // our `expected` so that it either has a value or not, depending on the "has
400 // value" flag of the other `expected`. To do this without falling back on
401 // `std::construct_at` we rely on guaranteed copy elision using two helper
402 // functions `__make_repr` and `__make_union`. There have to be two since
403 // there are two data layouts with different members being
404 // `[[no_unique_address]]`. GCC (as of version 13) does not do guaranteed
405 // copy elision when initializing `[[no_unique_address]]` members. The two
406 // cases are:
407 //
408 // - `__make_repr`: This is used when the "has value" flag lives in the tail
409 // of the union. In this case, the `__repr` member is _not_
410 // `[[no_unique_address]]`.
411 // - `__make_union`: When the "has value" flag does _not_ fit in the tail of
412 // the union, the `__repr` member is `[[no_unique_address]]` and the union
413 // is not.
414 //
415 // This constructor "catches" the first case and leaves the second case to
416 // `__union_t`, its constructors and `__make_union`.
417 template <class _OtherUnion>
418 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __expected_base(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
419 requires(__put_flag_in_tail)
420 : __repr_(__conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag{},
421 [&] { return __make_repr(__has_val, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other)); }) {}
422
423 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy() {
424 if constexpr (__put_flag_in_tail)
425 std::destroy_at(&__repr_.__v);
426 else
427 __repr_.__v.__destroy_union();
428 }
429
430 template <class _Tag, class... _Args>
431 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __construct(_Tag __tag, _Args&&... __args) {
432 if constexpr (__put_flag_in_tail)
433 std::construct_at(&__repr_.__v, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
434 else
435 __repr_.__v.__construct_union(__tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
436 }
437
438 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool __has_val() const { return __repr_.__v.__has_val_; }
439 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t& __union() { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v; }
440 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const __union_t& __union() const { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v; }
441 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp& __val() { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v.__val_; }
442 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp& __val() const { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v.__val_; }
443 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err& __unex() { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v.__unex_; }
444 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Err& __unex() const { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v.__unex_; }
445
446private:
447 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS __conditional_no_unique_address<__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding, __repr> __repr_;
448};
449
450template <class _Tp, class _Err>
451class expected : private __expected_base<_Tp, _Err> {
452 static_assert(!is_reference_v<_Tp> && !is_function_v<_Tp> && !is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, in_place_t> &&
453 !is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, unexpect_t> && !__is_std_unexpected<remove_cv_t<_Tp>>::value &&
454 __valid_std_unexpected<_Err>::value,
455 "[expected.object.general] A program that instantiates the definition of template expected<T, E> for a "
456 "reference type, a function type, or for possibly cv-qualified types in_place_t, unexpect_t, or a "
457 "specialization of unexpected for the T parameter is ill-formed. A program that instantiates the "
458 "definition of the template expected<T, E> with a type for the E parameter that is not a valid "
459 "template argument for unexpected is ill-formed.");
460
461 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr>
462 friend class expected;
463
464 using __base _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = __expected_base<_Tp, _Err>;
465
466public:
467 using value_type = _Tp;
468 using error_type = _Err;
469 using unexpected_type = unexpected<_Err>;
470
471 using __trivially_relocatable _LIBCPP_NODEBUG =
472 __conditional_t<__libcpp_is_trivially_relocatable<_Tp>::value && __libcpp_is_trivially_relocatable<_Err>::value,
473 expected,
474 void>;
475 using __replaceable _LIBCPP_NODEBUG =
476 __conditional_t<__is_replaceable_v<_Tp> && __is_replaceable_v<_Err>, expected, void>;
477
478 template <class _Up>
479 using rebind = expected<_Up, error_type>;
480
481 // [expected.object.ctor], constructors
482 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected() noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<_Tp>) // strengthened
483 requires is_default_constructible_v<_Tp>
484 : __base(in_place) {}
485
486 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(const expected&) = delete;
487
488 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(const expected&)
489 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> &&
490 is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
491 = default;
492
493 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(const expected& __other) noexcept(
494 is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_Err>) // strengthened
495 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> &&
496 !(is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>))
497 : __base(__other.__has_val(), __other.__union()) {}
498
499 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(expected&&)
500 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Tp> &&
501 is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
502 = default;
503
504 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(expected&& __other) noexcept(
505 is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
506 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err> &&
507 !(is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>))
508 : __base(__other.__has_val(), std::move(__other.__union())) {}
509
510private:
511 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr, class _UfQual, class _OtherErrQual>
512 using __can_convert _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = _And<
513 is_constructible<_Tp, _UfQual>,
514 is_constructible<_Err, _OtherErrQual>,
515 _If<_Not<is_same<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, bool>>::value,
516 _And< _Not<_And<is_same<_Tp, _Up>, is_same<_Err, _OtherErr>>>, // use the copy constructor instead, see #92676
517 _Not<is_constructible<_Tp, expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&>>,
518 _Not<is_constructible<_Tp, expected<_Up, _OtherErr>>>,
519 _Not<is_constructible<_Tp, const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&>>,
520 _Not<is_constructible<_Tp, const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>>>,
521 _Not<is_convertible<expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&, _Tp>>,
522 _Not<is_convertible<expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&&, _Tp>>,
523 _Not<is_convertible<const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&, _Tp>>,
524 _Not<is_convertible<const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&&, _Tp>>>,
525 true_type>,
526 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&>>,
527 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, expected<_Up, _OtherErr>>>,
528 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&>>,
529 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>>> >;
530
531 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
532 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(
533 std::__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag __tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
534 : __base(__tag, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
535
536 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
537 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(
538 std::__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag __tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
539 : __base(__tag, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
540
541public:
542 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr>
543 requires __can_convert<_Up, _OtherErr, const _Up&, const _OtherErr&>::value
544 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<const _Up&, _Tp> ||
545 !is_convertible_v<const _OtherErr&, _Err>)
546 expected(const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>& __other) noexcept(
547 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Up&> &&
548 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&>) // strengthened
549 : __base(__other.__has_val(), __other.__union()) {}
550
551 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr>
552 requires __can_convert<_Up, _OtherErr, _Up, _OtherErr>::value
553 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<_Up, _Tp> || !is_convertible_v<_OtherErr, _Err>)
554 expected(expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&& __other) noexcept(
555 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up> && is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr>) // strengthened
556 : __base(__other.__has_val(), std::move(__other.__union())) {}
557
558 template <class _Up = _Tp>
559 requires(!is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_Up>, in_place_t> && !is_same_v<expected, remove_cvref_t<_Up>> &&
560 is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up> && !__is_std_unexpected<remove_cvref_t<_Up>>::value &&
561 (!is_same_v<remove_cv_t<_Tp>, bool> || !__is_std_expected<remove_cvref_t<_Up>>::value))
562 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<_Up, _Tp>)
563 expected(_Up&& __u) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up>) // strengthened
564 : __base(in_place, std::forward<_Up>(__u)) {}
565
566 template <class _OtherErr>
567 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&>
568 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<const _OtherErr&, _Err>) expected(
569 const unexpected<_OtherErr>& __unex) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&>) // strengthened
570 : __base(unexpect, __unex.error()) {}
571
572 template <class _OtherErr>
573 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr>
574 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<_OtherErr, _Err>)
575 expected(unexpected<_OtherErr>&& __unex) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr>) // strengthened
576 : __base(unexpect, std::move(__unex.error())) {}
577
578 template <class... _Args>
579 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>
580 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(in_place_t, _Args&&... __args) noexcept(
581 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>) // strengthened
582 : __base(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
583
584 template <class _Up, class... _Args>
585 requires is_constructible_v< _Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args... >
586 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(in_place_t, initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args) noexcept(
587 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>) // strengthened
588 : __base(in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
589
590 template <class... _Args>
591 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Args...>
592 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args) noexcept(
593 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, _Args...>) // strengthened
594 : __base(unexpect, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
595
596 template <class _Up, class... _Args>
597 requires is_constructible_v< _Err, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args... >
598 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(unexpect_t, initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args) noexcept(
599 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>) // strengthened
600 : __base(unexpect, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
601
602 // [expected.object.dtor], destructor
603
604 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~expected() = default;
605
606private:
607 template <class _Tag, class _OtherTag, class _T1, class _T2, class... _Args>
608 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __reinit_expected(_T2& __oldval, _Args&&... __args) {
609 if constexpr (is_nothrow_constructible_v<_T1, _Args...>) {
610 this->__destroy();
611 this->__construct(_Tag{}, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
612 } else if constexpr (is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_T1>) {
613 _T1 __tmp(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
614 this->__destroy();
615 this->__construct(_Tag{}, std::move(__tmp));
616 } else {
617 static_assert(
618 is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_T2>,
619 "To provide strong exception guarantee, T2 has to satisfy `is_nothrow_move_constructible_v` so that it can "
620 "be reverted to the previous state in case an exception is thrown during the assignment.");
621 _T2 __tmp(std::move(__oldval));
622 this->__destroy();
623 auto __trans = std::__make_exception_guard([&] { this->__construct(_OtherTag{}, std::move(__tmp)); });
624 this->__construct(_Tag{}, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
625 __trans.__complete();
626 }
627 }
628
629public:
630 // [expected.object.assign], assignment
631 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(const expected&) = delete;
632
633 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(const expected& __rhs) noexcept(
634 is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<_Tp> && is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<_Err> &&
635 is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_Err>) // strengthened
636 requires(is_copy_assignable_v<_Tp> && is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_copy_assignable_v<_Err> &&
637 is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> &&
638 (is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> || is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>))
639 {
640 if (this->__has_val() && __rhs.__has_val()) {
641 this->__val() = __rhs.__val();
642 } else if (this->__has_val()) {
643 __reinit_expected<unexpect_t, in_place_t, _Err, _Tp>(this->__val(), __rhs.__unex());
644 } else if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
645 __reinit_expected<in_place_t, unexpect_t, _Tp, _Err>(this->__unex(), __rhs.__val());
646 } else {
647 this->__unex() = __rhs.__unex();
648 }
649 return *this;
650 }
651
652 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected&
653 operator=(expected&& __rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<_Tp> && is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> &&
654 is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<_Err> && is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
655 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_move_assignable_v<_Tp> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err> &&
656 is_move_assignable_v<_Err> &&
657 (is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> || is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>))
658 {
659 if (this->__has_val() && __rhs.__has_val()) {
660 this->__val() = std::move(__rhs.__val());
661 } else if (this->__has_val()) {
662 __reinit_expected<unexpect_t, in_place_t, _Err, _Tp>(this->__val(), std::move(__rhs.__unex()));
663 } else if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
664 __reinit_expected<in_place_t, unexpect_t, _Tp, _Err>(this->__unex(), std::move(__rhs.__val()));
665 } else {
666 this->__unex() = std::move(__rhs.__unex());
667 }
668 return *this;
669 }
670
671 template <class _Up = _Tp>
672 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(_Up&& __v)
673 requires(!is_same_v<expected, remove_cvref_t<_Up>> && !__is_std_unexpected<remove_cvref_t<_Up>>::value &&
674 is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up> && is_assignable_v<_Tp&, _Up> &&
675 (is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Up> || is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> ||
676 is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>))
677 {
678 if (this->__has_val()) {
679 this->__val() = std::forward<_Up>(__v);
680 } else {
681 __reinit_expected<in_place_t, unexpect_t, _Tp, _Err>(this->__unex(), std::forward<_Up>(__v));
682 }
683 return *this;
684 }
685
686private:
687 template <class _OtherErrQual>
688 static constexpr bool __can_assign_from_unexpected =
689 _And< is_constructible<_Err, _OtherErrQual>,
690 is_assignable<_Err&, _OtherErrQual>,
691 _Lazy<_Or,
692 is_nothrow_constructible<_Err, _OtherErrQual>,
693 is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Tp>,
694 is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Err>> >::value;
695
696public:
697 template <class _OtherErr>
698 requires(__can_assign_from_unexpected<const _OtherErr&>)
699 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(const unexpected<_OtherErr>& __un) {
700 if (this->__has_val()) {
701 __reinit_expected<unexpect_t, in_place_t, _Err, _Tp>(this->__val(), __un.error());
702 } else {
703 this->__unex() = __un.error();
704 }
705 return *this;
706 }
707
708 template <class _OtherErr>
709 requires(__can_assign_from_unexpected<_OtherErr>)
710 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(unexpected<_OtherErr>&& __un) {
711 if (this->__has_val()) {
712 __reinit_expected<unexpect_t, in_place_t, _Err, _Tp>(this->__val(), std::move(__un.error()));
713 } else {
714 this->__unex() = std::move(__un.error());
715 }
716 return *this;
717 }
718
719 template <class... _Args>
720 requires is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, _Args...>
721 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp& emplace(_Args&&... __args) noexcept {
722 this->__destroy();
723 this->__construct(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
724 return this->__val();
725 }
726
727 template <class _Up, class... _Args>
728 requires is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Tp, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>
729 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp& emplace(initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args) noexcept {
730 this->__destroy();
731 this->__construct(in_place, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
732 return this->__val();
733 }
734
735public:
736 // [expected.object.swap], swap
737 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void
738 swap(expected& __rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> && is_nothrow_swappable_v<_Tp> &&
739 is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err> && is_nothrow_swappable_v<_Err>)
740 requires(is_swappable_v<_Tp> && is_swappable_v<_Err> && is_move_constructible_v<_Tp> &&
741 is_move_constructible_v<_Err> &&
742 (is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp> || is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>))
743 {
744 auto __swap_val_unex_impl = [](expected& __with_val, expected& __with_err) {
745 if constexpr (is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>) {
746 _Err __tmp(std::move(__with_err.__unex()));
747 __with_err.__destroy();
748 auto __trans = std::__make_exception_guard([&] { __with_err.__construct(unexpect, std::move(__tmp)); });
749 __with_err.__construct(in_place, std::move(__with_val.__val()));
750 __trans.__complete();
751 __with_val.__destroy();
752 __with_val.__construct(unexpect, std::move(__tmp));
753 } else {
754 static_assert(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Tp>,
755 "To provide strong exception guarantee, Tp has to satisfy `is_nothrow_move_constructible_v` so "
756 "that it can be reverted to the previous state in case an exception is thrown during swap.");
757 _Tp __tmp(std::move(__with_val.__val()));
758 __with_val.__destroy();
759 auto __trans = std::__make_exception_guard([&] { __with_val.__construct(in_place, std::move(__tmp)); });
760 __with_val.__construct(unexpect, std::move(__with_err.__unex()));
761 __trans.__complete();
762 __with_err.__destroy();
763 __with_err.__construct(in_place, std::move(__tmp));
764 }
765 };
766
767 if (this->__has_val()) {
768 if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
769 using std::swap;
770 swap(this->__val(), __rhs.__val());
771 } else {
772 __swap_val_unex_impl(*this, __rhs);
773 }
774 } else {
775 if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
776 __swap_val_unex_impl(__rhs, *this);
777 } else {
778 using std::swap;
779 swap(this->__unex(), __rhs.__unex());
780 }
781 }
782 }
783
784 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr void swap(expected& __x, expected& __y) noexcept(noexcept(__x.swap(__y)))
785 requires requires { __x.swap(__y); }
786 {
787 __x.swap(__y);
788 }
789
790 // [expected.object.obs], observers
791 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp* operator->() const noexcept {
792 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
793 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator-> requires the expected to contain a value");
794 return std::addressof(this->__val());
795 }
796
797 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp* operator->() noexcept {
798 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
799 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator-> requires the expected to contain a value");
800 return std::addressof(this->__val());
801 }
802
803 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp& operator*() const& noexcept {
804 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
805 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator* requires the expected to contain a value");
806 return this->__val();
807 }
808
809 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp& operator*() & noexcept {
810 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
811 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator* requires the expected to contain a value");
812 return this->__val();
813 }
814
815 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp&& operator*() const&& noexcept {
816 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
817 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator* requires the expected to contain a value");
818 return std::move(this->__val());
819 }
820
821 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp&& operator*() && noexcept {
822 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
823 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator* requires the expected to contain a value");
824 return std::move(this->__val());
825 }
826
827 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return this->__has_val(); }
828
829 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept { return this->__has_val(); }
830
831 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp& value() const& {
832 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err>, "error_type has to be copy constructible");
833 if (!this->__has_val()) {
834 std::__throw_bad_expected_access<_Err>(std::as_const(error()));
835 }
836 return this->__val();
837 }
838
839 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp& value() & {
840 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err>, "error_type has to be copy constructible");
841 if (!this->__has_val()) {
842 std::__throw_bad_expected_access<_Err>(std::as_const(error()));
843 }
844 return this->__val();
845 }
846
847 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Tp&& value() const&& {
848 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_constructible_v<_Err, decltype(std::move(error()))>,
849 "error_type has to be both copy constructible and constructible from decltype(std::move(error()))");
850 if (!this->__has_val()) {
851 std::__throw_bad_expected_access<_Err>(std::move(error()));
852 }
853 return std::move(this->__val());
854 }
855
856 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp&& value() && {
857 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_constructible_v<_Err, decltype(std::move(error()))>,
858 "error_type has to be both copy constructible and constructible from decltype(std::move(error()))");
859 if (!this->__has_val()) {
860 std::__throw_bad_expected_access<_Err>(std::move(error()));
861 }
862 return std::move(this->__val());
863 }
864
865 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Err& error() const& noexcept {
866 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
867 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
868 return this->__unex();
869 }
870
871 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err& error() & noexcept {
872 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
873 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
874 return this->__unex();
875 }
876
877 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Err&& error() const&& noexcept {
878 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
879 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
880 return std::move(this->__unex());
881 }
882
883 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err&& error() && noexcept {
884 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
885 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
886 return std::move(this->__unex());
887 }
888
889 template <class _Up>
890 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp value_or(_Up&& __v) const& {
891 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Tp>, "value_type has to be copy constructible");
892 static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up, _Tp>, "argument has to be convertible to value_type");
893 return this->__has_val() ? this->__val() : static_cast<_Tp>(std::forward<_Up>(__v));
894 }
895
896 template <class _Up>
897 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Tp value_or(_Up&& __v) && {
898 static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Tp>, "value_type has to be move constructible");
899 static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up, _Tp>, "argument has to be convertible to value_type");
900 return this->__has_val() ? std::move(this->__val()) : static_cast<_Tp>(std::forward<_Up>(__v));
901 }
902
903 template <class _Up = _Err>
904 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err error_or(_Up&& __error) const& {
905 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err>, "error_type has to be copy constructible");
906 static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up, _Err>, "argument has to be convertible to error_type");
907 if (has_value())
908 return std::forward<_Up>(__error);
909 return error();
910 }
911
912 template <class _Up = _Err>
913 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err error_or(_Up&& __error) && {
914 static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Err>, "error_type has to be move constructible");
915 static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up, _Err>, "argument has to be convertible to error_type");
916 if (has_value())
917 return std::forward<_Up>(__error);
918 return std::move(error());
919 }
920
921 // [expected.void.monadic], monadic
922 template <class _Func>
923 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&>
924 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) & {
925 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Tp&>>;
926 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f(value()) must be a specialization of std::expected");
927 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>,
928 "The result of f(value()) must have the same error_type as this expected");
929 if (has_value()) {
930 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), this->__val());
931 }
932 return _Up(unexpect, error());
933 }
934
935 template <class _Func>
936 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&>
937 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) const& {
938 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Tp&>>;
939 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f(value()) must be a specialization of std::expected");
940 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>,
941 "The result of f(value()) must have the same error_type as this expected");
942 if (has_value()) {
943 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), this->__val());
944 }
945 return _Up(unexpect, error());
946 }
947
948 template <class _Func>
949 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&&>
950 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) && {
951 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Tp&&>>;
952 static_assert(
953 __is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f(std::move(value())) must be a specialization of std::expected");
954 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>,
955 "The result of f(std::move(value())) must have the same error_type as this expected");
956 if (has_value()) {
957 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(this->__val()));
958 }
959 return _Up(unexpect, std::move(error()));
960 }
961
962 template <class _Func>
963 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&&>
964 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) const&& {
965 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Tp&&>>;
966 static_assert(
967 __is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f(std::move(value())) must be a specialization of std::expected");
968 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>,
969 "The result of f(std::move(value())) must have the same error_type as this expected");
970 if (has_value()) {
971 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(this->__val()));
972 }
973 return _Up(unexpect, std::move(error()));
974 }
975
976 template <class _Func>
977 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Tp&>
978 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) & {
979 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&>>;
980 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(error()) must be a specialization of std::expected");
981 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
982 "The result of f(error()) must have the same value_type as this expected");
983 if (has_value()) {
984 return _Gp(in_place, this->__val());
985 }
986 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
987 }
988
989 template <class _Func>
990 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Tp&>
991 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) const& {
992 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&>>;
993 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(error()) must be a specialization of std::expected");
994 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
995 "The result of f(error()) must have the same value_type as this expected");
996 if (has_value()) {
997 return _Gp(in_place, this->__val());
998 }
999 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1000 }
1001
1002 template <class _Func>
1003 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Tp&&>
1004 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) && {
1005 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&&>>;
1006 static_assert(
1007 __is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a specialization of std::expected");
1008 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
1009 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must have the same value_type as this expected");
1010 if (has_value()) {
1011 return _Gp(in_place, std::move(this->__val()));
1012 }
1013 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1014 }
1015
1016 template <class _Func>
1017 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Tp&&>
1018 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1019 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&&>>;
1020 static_assert(
1021 __is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a specialization of std::expected");
1022 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
1023 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must have the same value_type as this expected");
1024 if (has_value()) {
1025 return _Gp(in_place, std::move(this->__val()));
1026 }
1027 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1028 }
1029
1030 template <class _Func>
1031 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&>
1032 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) & {
1033 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Tp&>>;
1034 if (!has_value()) {
1035 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, error());
1036 }
1037 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1038 return expected<_Up, _Err>(
1039 __expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), this->__val());
1040 } else {
1041 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), this->__val());
1042 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1043 }
1044 }
1045
1046 template <class _Func>
1047 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&>
1048 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) const& {
1049 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Tp&>>;
1050 if (!has_value()) {
1051 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, error());
1052 }
1053 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1054 return expected<_Up, _Err>(
1055 __expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), this->__val());
1056 } else {
1057 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), this->__val());
1058 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1059 }
1060 }
1061
1062 template <class _Func>
1063 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&&>
1064 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) && {
1065 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Tp&&>>;
1066 if (!has_value()) {
1067 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, std::move(error()));
1068 }
1069 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1070 return expected<_Up, _Err>(
1071 __expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(this->__val()));
1072 } else {
1073 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(this->__val()));
1074 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1075 }
1076 }
1077
1078 template <class _Func>
1079 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&&>
1080 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1081 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Tp&&>>;
1082 if (!has_value()) {
1083 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, std::move(error()));
1084 }
1085 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1086 return expected<_Up, _Err>(
1087 __expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(this->__val()));
1088 } else {
1089 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(this->__val()));
1090 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1091 }
1092 }
1093
1094 template <class _Func>
1095 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Tp&>
1096 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) & {
1097 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&>>;
1098 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1099 "The result of f(error()) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1100 if (has_value()) {
1101 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(in_place, this->__val());
1102 }
1103 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1104 }
1105
1106 template <class _Func>
1107 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Tp&>
1108 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) const& {
1109 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&>>;
1110 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1111 "The result of f(error()) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1112 if (has_value()) {
1113 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(in_place, this->__val());
1114 }
1115 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1116 }
1117
1118 template <class _Func>
1119 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Tp&&>
1120 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) && {
1121 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&&>>;
1122 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1123 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1124 if (has_value()) {
1125 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(in_place, std::move(this->__val()));
1126 }
1127 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(
1128 __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1129 }
1130
1131 template <class _Func>
1132 requires is_constructible_v<_Tp, const _Tp&&>
1133 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1134 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&&>>;
1135 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1136 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1137 if (has_value()) {
1138 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(in_place, std::move(this->__val()));
1139 }
1140 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(
1141 __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1142 }
1143
1144 // [expected.object.eq], equality operators
1145 template <class _T2, class _E2>
1146 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr bool operator==(const expected& __x, const expected<_T2, _E2>& __y)
1147 requires(!is_void_v<_T2>)
1148# if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
1149 && requires {
1150 { *__x == *__y } -> __core_convertible_to<bool>;
1151 { __x.error() == __y.error() } -> __core_convertible_to<bool>;
1152 }
1153# endif
1154 {
1155 if (__x.__has_val() != __y.__has_val()) {
1156 return false;
1157 } else {
1158 if (__x.__has_val()) {
1159 return __x.__val() == __y.__val();
1160 } else {
1161 return __x.__unex() == __y.__unex();
1162 }
1163 }
1164 }
1165
1166 template <class _T2>
1167 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr bool operator==(const expected& __x, const _T2& __v)
1168# if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
1169 requires(!__is_std_expected<_T2>::value) && requires {
1170 { *__x == __v } -> __core_convertible_to<bool>;
1171 }
1172# endif
1173 {
1174 return __x.__has_val() && static_cast<bool>(__x.__val() == __v);
1175 }
1176
1177 template <class _E2>
1178 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr bool operator==(const expected& __x, const unexpected<_E2>& __e)
1179# if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
1180 requires requires {
1181 { __x.error() == __e.error() } -> __core_convertible_to<bool>;
1182 }
1183# endif
1184 {
1185 return !__x.__has_val() && static_cast<bool>(__x.__unex() == __e.error());
1186 }
1187};
1188
1189template <class _Err>
1190class __expected_void_base {
1191 struct __empty_t {};
1192 // use named union because [[no_unique_address]] cannot be applied to an unnamed union,
1193 // also guaranteed elision into a potentially-overlapping subobject is unsettled (and
1194 // it's not clear that it's implementable, given that the function is allowed to clobber
1195 // the tail padding) - see https://github.com/itanium-cxx-abi/cxx-abi/issues/107.
1196 union __union_t {
1197 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(const __union_t&) = delete;
1198 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(const __union_t&)
1199 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
1200 = default;
1201 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(__union_t&&) = delete;
1202 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t(__union_t&&)
1203 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1204 = default;
1205 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t& operator=(const __union_t&) = delete;
1206 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t& operator=(__union_t&&) = delete;
1207
1208 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(in_place_t) : __empty_() {}
1209
1210 template <class... _Args>
1211 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args)
1212 : __unex_(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
1213
1214 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
1215 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __union_t(
1216 __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
1217 : __unex_(std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)) {}
1218
1219 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__union_t()
1220 requires(is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1221 = default;
1222
1223 // __repr's destructor handles this
1224 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__union_t()
1225 requires(!is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1226 {}
1227
1228 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS __empty_t __empty_;
1229 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _Err __unex_;
1230 };
1231
1232 static constexpr bool __put_flag_in_tail = __fits_in_tail_padding<__union_t, bool>;
1233 static constexpr bool __allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding = !__put_flag_in_tail;
1234
1235 struct __repr {
1236 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr() = delete;
1237
1238 template <class... _Args>
1239 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(in_place_t __tag) : __union_(in_place, __tag), __has_val_(true) {}
1240
1241 template <class... _Args>
1242 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(unexpect_t __tag, _Args&&... __args)
1243 : __union_(in_place, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...), __has_val_(false) {}
1244
1245 template <class... _Args>
1246 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(std::__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag __tag,
1247 _Args&&... __args)
1248 : __union_(in_place, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...), __has_val_(false) {}
1249
1250 template <class _OtherUnion>
1251 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __repr(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
1252 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
1253 : __union_(__conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag{},
1254 [&] { return __make_union(__has_val, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other)); }),
1255 __has_val_(__has_val) {}
1256
1257 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(const __repr&) = delete;
1258 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(const __repr&)
1259 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
1260 = default;
1261 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(__repr&&) = delete;
1262 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr(__repr&&)
1263 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1264 = default;
1265
1266 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr& operator=(const __repr&) = delete;
1267 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __repr& operator=(__repr&&) = delete;
1268
1269 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__repr()
1270 requires(is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1271 = default;
1272
1273 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~__repr()
1274 requires(!is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1275 {
1276 __destroy_union_member();
1277 }
1278
1279 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy_union()
1280 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding && is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1281 {
1282 std::destroy_at(&__union_.__v);
1283 }
1284
1285 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy_union()
1286 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding && !is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1287 {
1288 __destroy_union_member();
1289 std::destroy_at(&__union_.__v);
1290 }
1291
1292 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __construct_union(in_place_t)
1293 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
1294 {
1295 std::construct_at(&__union_.__v, in_place);
1296 __has_val_ = true;
1297 }
1298
1299 template <class... _Args>
1300 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __construct_union(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args)
1301 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
1302 {
1303 std::construct_at(&__union_.__v, unexpect, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
1304 __has_val_ = false;
1305 }
1306
1307 private:
1308 template <class>
1309 friend class __expected_void_base;
1310
1311 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy_union_member()
1312 requires(!is_trivially_destructible_v<_Err>)
1313 {
1314 if (!__has_val_)
1315 std::destroy_at(std::addressof(__union_.__v.__unex_));
1316 }
1317
1318 template <class _OtherUnion>
1319 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static constexpr __union_t __make_union(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
1320 requires(__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding)
1321 {
1322 if (__has_val)
1323 return __union_t(in_place);
1324 else
1325 return __union_t(unexpect, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other).__unex_);
1326 }
1327
1328 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS __conditional_no_unique_address<__put_flag_in_tail, __union_t> __union_;
1329 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS bool __has_val_;
1330 };
1331
1332 template <class _OtherUnion>
1333 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static constexpr __repr __make_repr(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
1334 requires(__put_flag_in_tail)
1335 {
1336 if (__has_val)
1337 return __repr(in_place);
1338 else
1339 return __repr(unexpect, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other).__unex_);
1340 }
1341
1342protected:
1343 template <class... _Args>
1344 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __expected_void_base(_Args&&... __args)
1345 : __repr_(in_place, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
1346
1347 template <class _OtherUnion>
1348 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __expected_void_base(bool __has_val, _OtherUnion&& __other)
1349 requires(__put_flag_in_tail)
1350 : __repr_(__conditional_no_unique_address_invoke_tag{},
1351 [&] { return __make_repr(__has_val, std::forward<_OtherUnion>(__other)); }) {}
1352
1353 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __destroy() {
1354 if constexpr (__put_flag_in_tail)
1355 std::destroy_at(&__repr_.__v);
1356 else
1357 __repr_.__v.__destroy_union();
1358 }
1359
1360 template <class _Tag, class... _Args>
1361 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __construct(_Tag __tag, _Args&&... __args) {
1362 if constexpr (__put_flag_in_tail)
1363 std::construct_at(&__repr_.__v, __tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
1364 else
1365 __repr_.__v.__construct_union(__tag, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
1366 }
1367
1368 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool __has_val() const { return __repr_.__v.__has_val_; }
1369 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __union_t& __union() { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v; }
1370 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const __union_t& __union() const { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v; }
1371 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err& __unex() { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v.__unex_; }
1372 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Err& __unex() const { return __repr_.__v.__union_.__v.__unex_; }
1373
1374private:
1375 _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS __conditional_no_unique_address<__allow_reusing_expected_tail_padding, __repr> __repr_;
1376};
1377
1378template <class _Tp, class _Err>
1379 requires is_void_v<_Tp>
1380class expected<_Tp, _Err> : private __expected_void_base<_Err> {
1381 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Err>::value,
1382 "[expected.void.general] A program that instantiates expected<T, E> with a E that is not a "
1383 "valid argument for unexpected<E> is ill-formed");
1384
1385 template <class, class>
1386 friend class expected;
1387
1388 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr, class _OtherErrQual>
1389 using __can_convert _LIBCPP_NODEBUG =
1390 _And< is_void<_Up>,
1391 is_constructible<_Err, _OtherErrQual>,
1392 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&>>,
1393 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, expected<_Up, _OtherErr>>>,
1394 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&>>,
1395 _Not<is_constructible<unexpected<_Err>, const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>>>>;
1396
1397 using __base _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = __expected_void_base<_Err>;
1398
1399public:
1400 using value_type = _Tp;
1401 using error_type = _Err;
1402 using unexpected_type = unexpected<_Err>;
1403
1404 template <class _Up>
1405 using rebind = expected<_Up, error_type>;
1406
1407 // [expected.void.ctor], constructors
1408 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected() noexcept : __base(in_place) {}
1409
1410 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(const expected&) = delete;
1411
1412 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(const expected&)
1413 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
1414 = default;
1415
1416 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(const expected& __rhs) noexcept(
1417 is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_Err>) // strengthened
1418 requires(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && !is_trivially_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
1419 : __base(__rhs.__has_val(), __rhs.__union()) {}
1420
1421 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(expected&&)
1422 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Err> && is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1423 = default;
1424
1425 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected(expected&& __rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1426 requires(is_move_constructible_v<_Err> && !is_trivially_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1427 : __base(__rhs.__has_val(), std::move(__rhs.__union())) {}
1428
1429 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr>
1430 requires __can_convert<_Up, _OtherErr, const _OtherErr&>::value
1431 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<const _OtherErr&, _Err>)
1432 expected(const expected<_Up, _OtherErr>& __rhs) noexcept(
1433 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&>) // strengthened
1434 : __base(__rhs.__has_val(), __rhs.__union()) {}
1435
1436 template <class _Up, class _OtherErr>
1437 requires __can_convert<_Up, _OtherErr, _OtherErr>::value
1438 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<_OtherErr, _Err>)
1439 expected(expected<_Up, _OtherErr>&& __rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr>) // strengthened
1440 : __base(__rhs.__has_val(), std::move(__rhs.__union())) {}
1441
1442 template <class _OtherErr>
1443 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&>
1444 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<const _OtherErr&, _Err>) expected(
1445 const unexpected<_OtherErr>& __unex) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&>) // strengthened
1446 : __base(unexpect, __unex.error()) {}
1447
1448 template <class _OtherErr>
1449 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr>
1450 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit(!is_convertible_v<_OtherErr, _Err>)
1451 expected(unexpected<_OtherErr>&& __unex) noexcept(is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr>) // strengthened
1452 : __base(unexpect, std::move(__unex.error())) {}
1453
1454 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(in_place_t) noexcept : __base(in_place) {}
1455
1456 template <class... _Args>
1457 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Args...>
1458 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args) noexcept(
1459 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, _Args...>) // strengthened
1460 : __base(unexpect, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
1461
1462 template <class _Up, class... _Args>
1463 requires is_constructible_v< _Err, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args... >
1464 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(unexpect_t, initializer_list<_Up> __il, _Args&&... __args) noexcept(
1465 is_nothrow_constructible_v<_Err, initializer_list<_Up>&, _Args...>) // strengthened
1466 : __base(unexpect, __il, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
1467
1468private:
1469 template <class _Func, class... _Args>
1470 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit expected(
1471 __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag __tag, _Func&& __f, _Args&&... __args)
1472 : __base(__tag, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::forward<_Args>(__args)...) {}
1473
1474public:
1475 // [expected.void.dtor], destructor
1476
1477 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr ~expected() = default;
1478
1479private:
1480 template <class... _Args>
1481 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __reinit_expected(unexpect_t, _Args&&... __args) {
1482 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(this->__has_val(), "__reinit_expected(unexpect_t, ...) needs value to be set");
1483
1484 this->__destroy();
1485 auto __trans = std::__make_exception_guard([&] { this->__construct(in_place); });
1486 this->__construct(unexpect, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
1487 __trans.__complete();
1488 }
1489
1490 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __reinit_expected(in_place_t) {
1491 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(!this->__has_val(), "__reinit_expected(in_place_t, ...) needs value to be unset");
1492
1493 this->__destroy();
1494 this->__construct(in_place);
1495 }
1496
1497public:
1498 // [expected.void.assign], assignment
1499 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(const expected&) = delete;
1500
1501 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(const expected& __rhs) noexcept(
1502 is_nothrow_copy_assignable_v<_Err> && is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_Err>) // strengthened
1503 requires(is_copy_assignable_v<_Err> && is_copy_constructible_v<_Err>)
1504 {
1505 if (this->__has_val()) {
1506 if (!__rhs.__has_val()) {
1507 __reinit_expected(unexpect, __rhs.__unex());
1508 }
1509 } else {
1510 if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
1511 __reinit_expected(in_place);
1512 } else {
1513 this->__unex() = __rhs.__unex();
1514 }
1515 }
1516 return *this;
1517 }
1518
1519 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected&
1520 operator=(expected&& __rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<_Err> && is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1521 requires(is_move_assignable_v<_Err> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1522 {
1523 if (this->__has_val()) {
1524 if (!__rhs.__has_val()) {
1525 __reinit_expected(unexpect, std::move(__rhs.__unex()));
1526 }
1527 } else {
1528 if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
1529 __reinit_expected(in_place);
1530 } else {
1531 this->__unex() = std::move(__rhs.__unex());
1532 }
1533 }
1534 return *this;
1535 }
1536
1537 template <class _OtherErr>
1538 requires(is_constructible_v<_Err, const _OtherErr&> && is_assignable_v<_Err&, const _OtherErr&>)
1539 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(const unexpected<_OtherErr>& __un) {
1540 if (this->__has_val()) {
1541 __reinit_expected(unexpect, __un.error());
1542 } else {
1543 this->__unex() = __un.error();
1544 }
1545 return *this;
1546 }
1547
1548 template <class _OtherErr>
1549 requires(is_constructible_v<_Err, _OtherErr> && is_assignable_v<_Err&, _OtherErr>)
1550 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr expected& operator=(unexpected<_OtherErr>&& __un) {
1551 if (this->__has_val()) {
1552 __reinit_expected(unexpect, std::move(__un.error()));
1553 } else {
1554 this->__unex() = std::move(__un.error());
1555 }
1556 return *this;
1557 }
1558
1559 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void emplace() noexcept {
1560 if (!this->__has_val()) {
1561 __reinit_expected(in_place);
1562 }
1563 }
1564
1565 // [expected.void.swap], swap
1566 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void
1567 swap(expected& __rhs) noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<_Err> && is_nothrow_swappable_v<_Err>)
1568 requires(is_swappable_v<_Err> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err>)
1569 {
1570 auto __swap_val_unex_impl = [](expected& __with_val, expected& __with_err) {
1571 // May throw, but will re-engage `__with_val` in that case.
1572 __with_val.__reinit_expected(unexpect, std::move(__with_err.__unex()));
1573 // Will not throw.
1574 __with_err.__reinit_expected(in_place);
1575 };
1576
1577 if (this->__has_val()) {
1578 if (!__rhs.__has_val()) {
1579 __swap_val_unex_impl(*this, __rhs);
1580 }
1581 } else {
1582 if (__rhs.__has_val()) {
1583 __swap_val_unex_impl(__rhs, *this);
1584 } else {
1585 using std::swap;
1586 swap(this->__unex(), __rhs.__unex());
1587 }
1588 }
1589 }
1590
1591 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr void swap(expected& __x, expected& __y) noexcept(noexcept(__x.swap(__y)))
1592 requires requires { __x.swap(__y); }
1593 {
1594 __x.swap(__y);
1595 }
1596
1597 // [expected.void.obs], observers
1598 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return this->__has_val(); }
1599
1600 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept { return this->__has_val(); }
1601
1602 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void operator*() const noexcept {
1603 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
1604 this->__has_val(), "expected::operator* requires the expected to contain a value");
1605 }
1606
1607 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void value() const& {
1608 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err>);
1609 if (!this->__has_val()) {
1610 std::__throw_bad_expected_access<_Err>(this->__unex());
1611 }
1612 }
1613
1614 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void value() && {
1615 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err> && is_move_constructible_v<_Err>);
1616 if (!this->__has_val()) {
1617 std::__throw_bad_expected_access<_Err>(std::move(this->__unex()));
1618 }
1619 }
1620
1621 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Err& error() const& noexcept {
1622 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
1623 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
1624 return this->__unex();
1625 }
1626
1627 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err& error() & noexcept {
1628 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
1629 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
1630 return this->__unex();
1631 }
1632
1633 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr const _Err&& error() const&& noexcept {
1634 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
1635 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
1636 return std::move(this->__unex());
1637 }
1638
1639 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err&& error() && noexcept {
1640 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_VALID_ELEMENT_ACCESS(
1641 !this->__has_val(), "expected::error requires the expected to contain an error");
1642 return std::move(this->__unex());
1643 }
1644
1645 template <class _Up = _Err>
1646 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err error_or(_Up&& __error) const& {
1647 static_assert(is_copy_constructible_v<_Err>, "error_type has to be copy constructible");
1648 static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up, _Err>, "argument has to be convertible to error_type");
1649 if (has_value()) {
1650 return std::forward<_Up>(__error);
1651 }
1652 return error();
1653 }
1654
1655 template <class _Up = _Err>
1656 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _Err error_or(_Up&& __error) && {
1657 static_assert(is_move_constructible_v<_Err>, "error_type has to be move constructible");
1658 static_assert(is_convertible_v<_Up, _Err>, "argument has to be convertible to error_type");
1659 if (has_value()) {
1660 return std::forward<_Up>(__error);
1661 }
1662 return std::move(error());
1663 }
1664
1665 // [expected.void.monadic], monadic
1666 template <class _Func>
1667 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&>
1668 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) & {
1669 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1670 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f() must be a specialization of std::expected");
1671 static_assert(
1672 is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>, "The result of f() must have the same error_type as this expected");
1673 if (has_value()) {
1674 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1675 }
1676 return _Up(unexpect, error());
1677 }
1678
1679 template <class _Func>
1680 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&>
1681 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) const& {
1682 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1683 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f() must be a specialization of std::expected");
1684 static_assert(
1685 is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>, "The result of f() must have the same error_type as this expected");
1686 if (has_value()) {
1687 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1688 }
1689 return _Up(unexpect, error());
1690 }
1691
1692 template <class _Func>
1693 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&&>
1694 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) && {
1695 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1696 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f() must be a specialization of std::expected");
1697 static_assert(
1698 is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>, "The result of f() must have the same error_type as this expected");
1699 if (has_value()) {
1700 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1701 }
1702 return _Up(unexpect, std::move(error()));
1703 }
1704
1705 template <class _Func>
1706 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&&>
1707 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto and_then(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1708 using _Up = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1709 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Up>::value, "The result of f() must be a specialization of std::expected");
1710 static_assert(
1711 is_same_v<typename _Up::error_type, _Err>, "The result of f() must have the same error_type as this expected");
1712 if (has_value()) {
1713 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1714 }
1715 return _Up(unexpect, std::move(error()));
1716 }
1717
1718 template <class _Func>
1719 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) & {
1720 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&>>;
1721 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(error()) must be a specialization of std::expected");
1722 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
1723 "The result of f(error()) must have the same value_type as this expected");
1724 if (has_value()) {
1725 return _Gp();
1726 }
1727 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1728 }
1729
1730 template <class _Func>
1731 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) const& {
1732 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&>>;
1733 static_assert(__is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(error()) must be a specialization of std::expected");
1734 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
1735 "The result of f(error()) must have the same value_type as this expected");
1736 if (has_value()) {
1737 return _Gp();
1738 }
1739 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1740 }
1741
1742 template <class _Func>
1743 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) && {
1744 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&&>>;
1745 static_assert(
1746 __is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a specialization of std::expected");
1747 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
1748 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must have the same value_type as this expected");
1749 if (has_value()) {
1750 return _Gp();
1751 }
1752 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1753 }
1754
1755 template <class _Func>
1756 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto or_else(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1757 using _Gp = remove_cvref_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&&>>;
1758 static_assert(
1759 __is_std_expected<_Gp>::value, "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a specialization of std::expected");
1760 static_assert(is_same_v<typename _Gp::value_type, _Tp>,
1761 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must have the same value_type as this expected");
1762 if (has_value()) {
1763 return _Gp();
1764 }
1765 return std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1766 }
1767
1768 template <class _Func>
1769 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&>
1770 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) & {
1771 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1772 if (!has_value()) {
1773 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, error());
1774 }
1775 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1776 return expected<_Up, _Err>(__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1777 } else {
1778 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1779 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1780 }
1781 }
1782
1783 template <class _Func>
1784 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&>
1785 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) const& {
1786 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1787 if (!has_value()) {
1788 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, error());
1789 }
1790 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1791 return expected<_Up, _Err>(__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1792 } else {
1793 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1794 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1795 }
1796 }
1797
1798 template <class _Func>
1799 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, _Err&&>
1800 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) && {
1801 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1802 if (!has_value()) {
1803 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, std::move(error()));
1804 }
1805 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1806 return expected<_Up, _Err>(__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1807 } else {
1808 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1809 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1810 }
1811 }
1812
1813 template <class _Func>
1814 requires is_constructible_v<_Err, const _Err&&>
1815 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1816 using _Up = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func>>;
1817 if (!has_value()) {
1818 return expected<_Up, _Err>(unexpect, std::move(error()));
1819 }
1820 if constexpr (!is_void_v<_Up>) {
1821 return expected<_Up, _Err>(__expected_construct_in_place_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1822 } else {
1823 std::invoke(std::forward<_Func>(__f));
1824 return expected<_Up, _Err>();
1825 }
1826 }
1827
1828 template <class _Func>
1829 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) & {
1830 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&>>;
1831 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1832 "The result of f(error()) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1833 if (has_value()) {
1834 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>();
1835 }
1836 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1837 }
1838
1839 template <class _Func>
1840 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) const& {
1841 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&>>;
1842 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1843 "The result of f(error()) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1844 if (has_value()) {
1845 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>();
1846 }
1847 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(__expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), error());
1848 }
1849
1850 template <class _Func>
1851 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) && {
1852 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, _Err&&>>;
1853 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1854 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1855 if (has_value()) {
1856 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>();
1857 }
1858 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(
1859 __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1860 }
1861
1862 template <class _Func>
1863 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr auto transform_error(_Func&& __f) const&& {
1864 using _Gp = remove_cv_t<invoke_result_t<_Func, const _Err&&>>;
1865 static_assert(__valid_std_unexpected<_Gp>::value,
1866 "The result of f(std::move(error())) must be a valid template argument for unexpected");
1867 if (has_value()) {
1868 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>();
1869 }
1870 return expected<_Tp, _Gp>(
1871 __expected_construct_unexpected_from_invoke_tag{}, std::forward<_Func>(__f), std::move(error()));
1872 }
1873
1874 // [expected.void.eq], equality operators
1875 template <class _T2, class _E2>
1876 requires is_void_v<_T2>
1877 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr bool operator==(const expected& __x, const expected<_T2, _E2>& __y)
1878# if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
1879 requires requires {
1880 { __x.error() == __y.error() } -> __core_convertible_to<bool>;
1881 }
1882# endif
1883 {
1884 if (__x.__has_val() != __y.__has_val()) {
1885 return false;
1886 } else {
1887 return __x.__has_val() || static_cast<bool>(__x.__unex() == __y.__unex());
1888 }
1889 }
1890
1891 template <class _E2>
1892 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI friend constexpr bool operator==(const expected& __x, const unexpected<_E2>& __y)
1893# if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
1894 requires requires {
1895 { __x.error() == __y.error() } -> __core_convertible_to<bool>;
1896 }
1897# endif
1898 {
1899 return !__x.__has_val() && static_cast<bool>(__x.__unex() == __y.error());
1900 }
1901};
1902
1903_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
1904
1905#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
1906
1907_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
1908
1909#endif // _LIBCPP___EXPECTED_EXPECTED_H