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1/* Copyright (C) 1991-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2 Copyright The GNU Toolchain Authors.
3 This file is part of the GNU C Library.
4
5 The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
6 modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
7 License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
8 version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9
10 The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
13 Lesser General Public License for more details.
14
15 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
16 License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
17 <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
18
19/*
20 * ISO C99 Standard: 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h>
21 */
22
23#ifndef _STDLIB_H
24
25#define __GLIBC_INTERNAL_STARTING_HEADER_IMPLEMENTATION
26#include <bits/libc-header-start.h>
27
28/* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>. */
29#define __need_size_t
30#define __need_wchar_t
31#define __need_NULL
32#include <stddef.h>
33
34__BEGIN_DECLS
35
36#define _STDLIB_H 1
37
38#if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
39/* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined. */
40# include <bits/waitflags.h>
41# include <bits/waitstatus.h>
42
43/* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way. */
44# define WEXITSTATUS(status) __WEXITSTATUS (status)
45# define WTERMSIG(status) __WTERMSIG (status)
46# define WSTOPSIG(status) __WSTOPSIG (status)
47# define WIFEXITED(status) __WIFEXITED (status)
48# define WIFSIGNALED(status) __WIFSIGNALED (status)
49# define WIFSTOPPED(status) __WIFSTOPPED (status)
50# ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
51# define WIFCONTINUED(status) __WIFCONTINUED (status)
52# endif
53#endif /* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included. */
54
55/* _FloatN API tests for enablement. */
56#include <bits/floatn.h>
57
58/* Returned by `div'. */
59typedef struct
60 {
61 int quot; /* Quotient. */
62 int rem; /* Remainder. */
63 } div_t;
64
65/* Returned by `ldiv'. */
66#ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
67typedef struct
68 {
69 long int quot; /* Quotient. */
70 long int rem; /* Remainder. */
71 } ldiv_t;
72# define __ldiv_t_defined 1
73#endif
74
75#if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
76/* Returned by `lldiv'. */
77__extension__ typedef struct
78 {
79 long long int quot; /* Quotient. */
80 long long int rem; /* Remainder. */
81 } lldiv_t;
82# define __lldiv_t_defined 1
83#endif
84
85
86/* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX). */
87#define RAND_MAX 2147483647
88
89
90/* We define these the same for all machines.
91 Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'. */
92#define EXIT_FAILURE 1 /* Failing exit status. */
93#define EXIT_SUCCESS 0 /* Successful exit status. */
94
95
96/* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale. */
97#define MB_CUR_MAX (__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
98extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;
99
100
101/* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
102extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
103 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
104/* Convert a string to an integer. */
105extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
106 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
107/* Convert a string to a long integer. */
108extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
109 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
110
111#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
112/* Convert a string to a long long integer. */
113__extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
114 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
115#endif
116
117/* Convert a string to a floating-point number. */
118extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
119 char **__restrict __endptr)
120 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
121
122#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
123/* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers. */
124extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
125 char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
126
127extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
128 char **__restrict __endptr)
129 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
130#endif
131
132/* Likewise for '_FloatN' and '_FloatNx'. */
133
134#if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
135extern _Float16 strtof16 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
136 char **__restrict __endptr)
137 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
138#endif
139
140#if __HAVE_FLOAT32 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
141extern _Float32 strtof32 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
142 char **__restrict __endptr)
143 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
144#endif
145
146#if __HAVE_FLOAT64 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
147extern _Float64 strtof64 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
148 char **__restrict __endptr)
149 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
150#endif
151
152#if __HAVE_FLOAT128 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
153extern _Float128 strtof128 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
154 char **__restrict __endptr)
155 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
156#endif
157
158#if __HAVE_FLOAT32X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
159extern _Float32x strtof32x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
160 char **__restrict __endptr)
161 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
162#endif
163
164#if __HAVE_FLOAT64X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
165extern _Float64x strtof64x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
166 char **__restrict __endptr)
167 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
168#endif
169
170#if __HAVE_FLOAT128X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
171extern _Float128x strtof128x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
172 char **__restrict __endptr)
173 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
174#endif
175
176/* Convert a string to a long integer. */
177extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
178 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
179 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
180/* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer. */
181extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
182 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
183 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
184
185#ifdef __USE_MISC
186/* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
187__extension__
188extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
189 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
190 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
191/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
192__extension__
193extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
194 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
195 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
196#endif /* Use misc. */
197
198#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
199/* Convert a string to a quadword integer. */
200__extension__
201extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
202 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
203 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
204/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer. */
205__extension__
206extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
207 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
208 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
209#endif /* ISO C99 or use MISC. */
210
211/* Versions of the above functions that handle '0b' and '0B' prefixes
212 in base 0 or 2. */
213#if __GLIBC_USE (C23_STRTOL)
214# ifdef __REDIRECT
215extern long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtol, (const char *__restrict __nptr,
216 char **__restrict __endptr,
217 int __base), __isoc23_strtol)
218 __nonnull ((1));
219extern unsigned long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoul,
220 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
221 char **__restrict __endptr,
222 int __base), __isoc23_strtoul)
223 __nonnull ((1));
224# ifdef __USE_MISC
225__extension__
226extern long long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoq, (const char *__restrict __nptr,
227 char **__restrict __endptr,
228 int __base), __isoc23_strtoll)
229 __nonnull ((1));
230__extension__
231extern unsigned long long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtouq,
232 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
233 char **__restrict __endptr,
234 int __base), __isoc23_strtoull)
235 __nonnull ((1));
236# endif
237__extension__
238extern long long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoll, (const char *__restrict __nptr,
239 char **__restrict __endptr,
240 int __base), __isoc23_strtoll)
241 __nonnull ((1));
242__extension__
243extern unsigned long long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoull,
244 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
245 char **__restrict __endptr,
246 int __base), __isoc23_strtoull)
247 __nonnull ((1));
248# else
249extern long int __isoc23_strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
250 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
251 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
252extern unsigned long int __isoc23_strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
253 char **__restrict __endptr,
254 int __base)
255 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
256__extension__
257extern long long int __isoc23_strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
258 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
259 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
260__extension__
261extern unsigned long long int __isoc23_strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
262 char **__restrict __endptr,
263 int __base)
264 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
265# define strtol __isoc23_strtol
266# define strtoul __isoc23_strtoul
267# ifdef __USE_MISC
268# define strtoq __isoc23_strtoll
269# define strtouq __isoc23_strtoull
270# endif
271# define strtoll __isoc23_strtoll
272# define strtoull __isoc23_strtoull
273# endif
274#endif
275
276/* Convert a floating-point number to a string. */
277#if __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_BFP_EXT_C23)
278extern int strfromd (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
279 double __f)
280 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
281
282extern int strfromf (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
283 float __f)
284 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
285
286extern int strfroml (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
287 long double __f)
288 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
289#endif
290
291#if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
292extern int strfromf16 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
293 _Float16 __f)
294 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
295#endif
296
297#if __HAVE_FLOAT32 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
298extern int strfromf32 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
299 _Float32 __f)
300 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
301#endif
302
303#if __HAVE_FLOAT64 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
304extern int strfromf64 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
305 _Float64 __f)
306 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
307#endif
308
309#if __HAVE_FLOAT128 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
310extern int strfromf128 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
311 _Float128 __f)
312 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
313#endif
314
315#if __HAVE_FLOAT32X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
316extern int strfromf32x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
317 _Float32x __f)
318 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
319#endif
320
321#if __HAVE_FLOAT64X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
322extern int strfromf64x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
323 _Float64x __f)
324 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
325#endif
326
327#if __HAVE_FLOAT128X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
328extern int strfromf128x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
329 _Float128x __f)
330 __THROW __nonnull ((3));
331#endif
332
333
334#ifdef __USE_GNU
335/* Parallel versions of the functions above which take the locale to
336 use as an additional parameter. These are GNU extensions inspired
337 by the POSIX.1-2008 extended locale API. */
338# include <bits/types/locale_t.h>
339
340extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
341 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
342 locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
343
344extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
345 char **__restrict __endptr,
346 int __base, locale_t __loc)
347 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
348
349__extension__
350extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
351 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
352 locale_t __loc)
353 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
354
355__extension__
356extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
357 char **__restrict __endptr,
358 int __base, locale_t __loc)
359 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
360
361/* Versions of the above functions that handle '0b' and '0B' prefixes
362 in base 0 or 2. */
363# if __GLIBC_USE (C23_STRTOL)
364# ifdef __REDIRECT
365extern long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtol_l, (const char *__restrict __nptr,
366 char **__restrict __endptr,
367 int __base, locale_t __loc),
368 __isoc23_strtol_l)
369 __nonnull ((1, 4));
370extern unsigned long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoul_l,
371 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
372 char **__restrict __endptr,
373 int __base, locale_t __loc),
374 __isoc23_strtoul_l)
375 __nonnull ((1, 4));
376__extension__
377extern long long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoll_l, (const char *__restrict __nptr,
378 char **__restrict __endptr,
379 int __base,
380 locale_t __loc),
381 __isoc23_strtoll_l)
382 __nonnull ((1, 4));
383__extension__
384extern unsigned long long int __REDIRECT_NTH (strtoull_l,
385 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
386 char **__restrict __endptr,
387 int __base, locale_t __loc),
388 __isoc23_strtoull_l)
389 __nonnull ((1, 4));
390# else
391extern long int __isoc23_strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
392 char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
393 locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
394extern unsigned long int __isoc23_strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
395 char **__restrict __endptr,
396 int __base, locale_t __loc)
397 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
398__extension__
399extern long long int __isoc23_strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
400 char **__restrict __endptr,
401 int __base, locale_t __loc)
402 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
403__extension__
404extern unsigned long long int __isoc23_strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
405 char **__restrict __endptr,
406 int __base, locale_t __loc)
407 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));
408# define strtol_l __isoc23_strtol_l
409# define strtoul_l __isoc23_strtoul_l
410# define strtoll_l __isoc23_strtoll_l
411# define strtoull_l __isoc23_strtoull_l
412# endif
413# endif
414
415extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
416 char **__restrict __endptr, locale_t __loc)
417 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
418
419extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
420 char **__restrict __endptr, locale_t __loc)
421 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
422
423extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
424 char **__restrict __endptr,
425 locale_t __loc)
426 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
427
428# if __HAVE_FLOAT16
429extern _Float16 strtof16_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
430 char **__restrict __endptr,
431 locale_t __loc)
432 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
433# endif
434
435# if __HAVE_FLOAT32
436extern _Float32 strtof32_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
437 char **__restrict __endptr,
438 locale_t __loc)
439 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
440# endif
441
442# if __HAVE_FLOAT64
443extern _Float64 strtof64_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
444 char **__restrict __endptr,
445 locale_t __loc)
446 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
447# endif
448
449# if __HAVE_FLOAT128
450extern _Float128 strtof128_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
451 char **__restrict __endptr,
452 locale_t __loc)
453 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
454# endif
455
456# if __HAVE_FLOAT32X
457extern _Float32x strtof32x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
458 char **__restrict __endptr,
459 locale_t __loc)
460 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
461# endif
462
463# if __HAVE_FLOAT64X
464extern _Float64x strtof64x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
465 char **__restrict __endptr,
466 locale_t __loc)
467 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
468# endif
469
470# if __HAVE_FLOAT128X
471extern _Float128x strtof128x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
472 char **__restrict __endptr,
473 locale_t __loc)
474 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
475# endif
476#endif /* GNU */
477
478
479#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
480__extern_inline int
481__NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
482{
483 return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
484}
485__extern_inline long int
486__NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
487{
488 return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
489}
490
491# ifdef __USE_ISOC99
492__extension__ __extern_inline long long int
493__NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
494{
495 return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
496}
497# endif
498#endif /* Optimizing and Inlining. */
499
500
501#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
502/* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
503 digit first. Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
504 next call. */
505extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;
506
507/* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above. */
508extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
509 __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
510
511#endif /* Use misc || extended X/Open. */
512
513#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
514# include <sys/types.h> /* we need int32_t... */
515
516/* These are the functions that actually do things. The `random', `srandom',
517 `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
518 The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
519 We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator. */
520/* Return a random long integer between 0 and 2^31-1 inclusive. */
521extern long int random (void) __THROW;
522
523/* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
524extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
525
526/* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
527 of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED. Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
528 32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
529 cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down. */
530extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
531 size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));
532
533/* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
534 which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'. */
535extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
536
537
538# ifdef __USE_MISC
539/* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
540 These functions all use the following data structure to contain
541 state, rather than global state variables. */
542
543struct random_data
544 {
545 int32_t *fptr; /* Front pointer. */
546 int32_t *rptr; /* Rear pointer. */
547 int32_t *state; /* Array of state values. */
548 int rand_type; /* Type of random number generator. */
549 int rand_deg; /* Degree of random number generator. */
550 int rand_sep; /* Distance between front and rear. */
551 int32_t *end_ptr; /* Pointer behind state table. */
552 };
553
554extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
555 int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
556
557extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
558 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
559
560extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
561 size_t __statelen,
562 struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
563 __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));
564
565extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
566 struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
567 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
568# endif /* Use misc. */
569#endif /* Use extended X/Open || misc. */
570
571
572/* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive. */
573extern int rand (void) __THROW;
574/* Seed the random number generator with the given number. */
575extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;
576
577#ifdef __USE_POSIX199506
578/* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1. */
579extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
580#endif
581
582
583#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
584/* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions. */
585
586/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
587extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
588extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
589
590/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
591extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
592extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
593 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
594
595/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
596extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
597extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
598 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
599
600/* Seed random number generator. */
601extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
602extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
603 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
604extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
605
606# ifdef __USE_MISC
607/* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions. This
608 type is to be regarded as opaque. It's only exported because users
609 have to allocate objects of this type. */
610struct drand48_data
611 {
612 unsigned short int __x[3]; /* Current state. */
613 unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state. */
614 unsigned short int __c; /* Additive const. in congruential formula. */
615 unsigned short int __init; /* Flag for initializing. */
616 __extension__ unsigned long long int __a; /* Factor in congruential
617 formula. */
618 };
619
620/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0). */
621extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
622 double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
623extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
624 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
625 double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
626
627/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31). */
628extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
629 long int *__restrict __result)
630 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
631extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
632 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
633 long int *__restrict __result)
634 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
635
636/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31). */
637extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
638 long int *__restrict __result)
639 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
640extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
641 struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
642 long int *__restrict __result)
643 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
644
645/* Seed random number generator. */
646extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
647 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
648
649extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
650 struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
651
652extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
653 struct drand48_data *__buffer)
654 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
655
656/* Return a random integer between zero and 2**32-1 (inclusive). */
657extern __uint32_t arc4random (void)
658 __THROW __wur;
659
660/* Fill the buffer with random data. */
661extern void arc4random_buf (void *__buf, size_t __size)
662 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
663
664/* Return a random number between zero (inclusive) and the specified
665 limit (exclusive). */
666extern __uint32_t arc4random_uniform (__uint32_t __upper_bound)
667 __THROW __wur;
668# endif /* Use misc. */
669#endif /* Use misc or X/Open. */
670
671/* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory. */
672extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__
673 __attribute_alloc_size__ ((1)) __wur;
674/* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0. */
675extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
676 __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_alloc_size__ ((1, 2)) __wur;
677
678/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
679 in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long. */
680/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
681 the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
682 between objects pointed by the old and new pointers. */
683extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
684 __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__ __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2));
685
686/* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'. */
687extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;
688
689#ifdef __USE_MISC
690/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block in PTR, making the new
691 block large enough for NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each. */
692/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if reallocarray returns
693 the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
694 between objects pointed by the old and new pointers. */
695extern void *reallocarray (void *__ptr, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
696 __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__
697 __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2, 3))
698 __attr_dealloc_free;
699
700/* Add reallocarray as its own deallocator. */
701extern void *reallocarray (void *__ptr, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
702 __THROW __attr_dealloc (reallocarray, 1);
703#endif
704
705#ifdef __USE_MISC
706# include <alloca.h>
707#endif /* Use misc. */
708
709#if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
710 || defined __USE_MISC
711/* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary. The storage cannot be freed. */
712extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__
713 __attribute_alloc_size__ ((1)) __wur;
714#endif
715
716#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
717/* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT. */
718extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
719 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
720#endif
721
722#ifdef __USE_ISOC11
723/* ISO C variant of aligned allocation. */
724extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
725 __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_alloc_align__ ((1))
726 __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2)) __wur;
727#endif
728
729/* Abort execution and generate a core-dump. */
730extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__)) __COLD;
731
732
733/* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called. */
734extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
735
736#if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
737/* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called. */
738# ifdef __cplusplus
739extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
740 __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
741# else
742extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
743# endif
744#endif
745
746#ifdef __USE_MISC
747/* Register a function to be called with the status
748 given to `exit' and the given argument. */
749extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
750 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
751#endif
752
753/* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
754 in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
755 perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS. */
756extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
757
758#if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
759/* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
760 of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
761 execution with STATUS. */
762extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
763#endif
764
765#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
766/* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
767 functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'. */
768extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
769#endif
770
771
772/* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist. */
773extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
774
775#ifdef __USE_GNU
776/* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
777 programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled. */
778extern char *secure_getenv (const char *__name)
779 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
780#endif
781
782#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
783/* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place. */
784/* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
785 If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment. */
786extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
787#endif
788
789#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
790/* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
791 If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value. */
792extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
793 __THROW __nonnull ((2));
794
795/* Remove the variable NAME from the environment. */
796extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
797#endif
798
799#ifdef __USE_MISC
800/* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
801 never made it. Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
802 for Fortran 77) requires this function. */
803extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
804#endif
805
806
807#if defined __USE_MISC \
808 || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8)
809/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
810 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
811 they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
812 Always returns TEMPLATE, it's either a temporary file name or a null
813 string if it cannot get a unique file name. */
814extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
815#endif
816
817#if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
818/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
819 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
820 they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
821 Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
822 or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.
823
824 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
825 marked with __THROW. */
826# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
827extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
828# else
829# ifdef __REDIRECT
830extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
831 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
832# else
833# define mkstemp mkstemp64
834# endif
835# endif
836# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
837extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
838# endif
839#endif
840
841#ifdef __USE_MISC
842/* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
843 XXXXXX. The length of the suffix is specified in the second
844 parameter.
845
846 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
847 marked with __THROW. */
848# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
849extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
850# else
851# ifdef __REDIRECT
852extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
853 mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
854# else
855# define mkstemps mkstemps64
856# endif
857# endif
858# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
859extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
860 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
861# endif
862#endif
863
864#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
865/* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
866 The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
867 they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
868 Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
869 The directory is created mode 700. */
870extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
871#endif
872
873#ifdef __USE_GNU
874/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
875 mkstemp. But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
876 used in the open call to create the file..
877
878 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
879 marked with __THROW. */
880# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
881extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
882# else
883# ifdef __REDIRECT
884extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
885 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
886# else
887# define mkostemp mkostemp64
888# endif
889# endif
890# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
891extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
892# endif
893
894/* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
895 XXXXXX. The length of the suffix is specified in the second
896 parameter.
897
898 This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
899 marked with __THROW. */
900# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
901extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
902 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
903# else
904# ifdef __REDIRECT
905extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
906 int __flags), mkostemps64)
907 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
908# else
909# define mkostemps mkostemps64
910# endif
911# endif
912# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
913extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
914 __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
915# endif
916#endif
917
918
919/* Execute the given line as a shell command.
920
921 This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
922 __THROW. */
923extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;
924
925
926#ifdef __USE_GNU
927/* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
928 existing named file. */
929extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
930 __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __attribute_malloc__
931 __attr_dealloc_free __wur;
932#endif
933
934#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
935/* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME. If RESOLVED is
936 null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
937 PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
938 ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
939 returns the name in RESOLVED. */
940extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
941 char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
942#endif
943
944
945/* Shorthand for type of comparison functions. */
946#ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
947# define __COMPAR_FN_T
948typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);
949
950# ifdef __USE_GNU
951typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
952# endif
953#endif
954#ifdef __USE_GNU
955typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
956#endif
957
958/* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
959 of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
960extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
961 size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
962 __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;
963
964#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
965# include <bits/stdlib-bsearch.h>
966#endif
967
968/* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
969 using COMPAR to perform the comparisons. */
970extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
971 __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
972#ifdef __USE_GNU
973extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
974 __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
975 __nonnull ((1, 4));
976#endif
977
978
979/* Return the absolute value of X. */
980extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
981extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
982
983#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
984__extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
985 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
986#endif
987
988#if __GLIBC_USE (ISOC2Y)
989extern unsigned int uabs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
990extern unsigned long int ulabs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
991__extension__ extern unsigned long long int ullabs (long long int __x)
992 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
993#endif
994
995/* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
996 of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
997/* GCC may have built-ins for these someday. */
998extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
999 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
1000extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
1001 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
1002
1003#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
1004__extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
1005 long long int __denom)
1006 __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
1007#endif
1008
1009
1010#if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) \
1011 || defined __USE_MISC
1012/* Convert floating point numbers to strings. The returned values are
1013 valid only until another call to the same function. */
1014
1015/* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
1016 this. Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
1017 with the sign of the number. */
1018extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
1019 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
1020
1021/* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits. Set *DECPT
1022 with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
1023 the number. */
1024extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
1025 int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
1026
1027/* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
1028 Otherwise use exponential representation. The resulting string will
1029 be written to BUF. */
1030extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
1031 __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
1032#endif
1033
1034#ifdef __USE_MISC
1035/* Long double versions of above functions. */
1036extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
1037 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
1038 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
1039extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
1040 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
1041 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
1042extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
1043 __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
1044
1045
1046/* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
1047 buffers. */
1048extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
1049 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
1050 size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
1051extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
1052 int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
1053 size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
1054
1055extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
1056 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
1057 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
1058 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
1059extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
1060 int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
1061 char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
1062 __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
1063#endif /* misc */
1064
1065
1066/* Return the length of the multibyte character
1067 in S, which is no longer than N. */
1068extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
1069/* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
1070 putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC. */
1071extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
1072 const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
1073/* Put the multibyte character represented
1074 by WCHAR in S, returning its length. */
1075extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;
1076
1077
1078/* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string. */
1079extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs,
1080 const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW
1081 __attr_access ((__read_only__, 2));
1082/* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string. */
1083extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
1084 const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
1085 __THROW
1086 __fortified_attr_access (__write_only__, 1, 3)
1087 __attr_access ((__read_only__, 2));
1088
1089#ifdef __USE_MISC
1090/* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
1091 or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
1092 in the program's current locale. Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
1093 negative, and -1 if not matching. */
1094extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
1095#endif
1096
1097
1098#if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
1099/* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
1100 strings in TOKENS. If found return index and set *VALUEP to
1101 optional value introduced by an equal sign. If the suboption is
1102 not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
1103 suboption. On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
1104 token or at the terminating NUL character. */
1105extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
1106 char *const *__restrict __tokens,
1107 char **__restrict __valuep)
1108 __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
1109#endif
1110
1111
1112/* X/Open pseudo terminal handling. */
1113
1114#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
1115/* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle. */
1116extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
1117#endif
1118
1119#ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
1120/* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
1121 perform an operation on the associated slave: */
1122
1123/* Chown the slave to the calling user. */
1124extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;
1125
1126/* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
1127 Call after grantpt(). */
1128extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;
1129
1130/* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave associated with
1131 the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
1132 The returned storage is good until the next call to this function. */
1133extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
1134#endif
1135
1136#ifdef __USE_GNU
1137/* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
1138 terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
1139 Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number. */
1140extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
1141 __THROW __nonnull ((2)) __fortified_attr_access (__write_only__, 2, 3);
1142
1143/* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor. */
1144extern int getpt (void);
1145#endif
1146
1147#ifdef __USE_MISC
1148/* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
1149 NELEM elements of LOADAVG. Return the number written (never more than
1150 three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred. */
1151extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
1152 __THROW __nonnull ((1));
1153#endif
1154
1155#if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K
1156/* Return the index into the active-logins file (utmp) for
1157 the controlling terminal. */
1158extern int ttyslot (void) __THROW;
1159#endif
1160
1161#include <bits/stdlib-float.h>
1162
1163/* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows. */
1164#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
1165# include <bits/stdlib.h>
1166#endif
1167
1168#include <bits/floatn.h>
1169#if defined __LDBL_COMPAT || __LDOUBLE_REDIRECTS_TO_FLOAT128_ABI == 1
1170# include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
1171#endif
1172
1173__END_DECLS
1174
1175#endif /* stdlib.h */